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Organic Chemistry: Functional Groups

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이 집합의 용어 (20)

  • What is a functional group in organic chemistry?

    A functional group is a specific group of atoms within a molecule responsible for its characteristic chemical reactions.

  • Why are functional groups important in organic chemistry?

    They determine the reactivity and properties of organic compounds.

  • Name the functional group characteristic of alcohols.

    The hydroxyl group (-OH) is characteristic of alcohols.

  • What functional group defines aldehydes?

    The aldehyde group contains a carbonyl bonded to at least one hydrogen: -CHO.

  • Identify the functional group in ketones.

    The ketone group has a carbonyl bonded to two carbon atoms: RC(=O)R'.

  • What is the functional group in carboxylic acids?

    The carboxyl group (-COOH) defines carboxylic acids.

  • Which functional group is present in amines?

    Amines contain an amino group (-NH2, -NHR, or -NR2).

  • Describe the ester functional group.

    An ester has the structure RCOOR', with a carbonyl adjacent to an oxygen bonded to another carbon.

  • What functional group characterizes ethers?

    Ethers contain an oxygen atom connected to two alkyl or aryl groups: R-O-R'.

  • Define the amide functional group.

    Amides have a carbonyl group bonded to a nitrogen atom: RCONH2, RCONHR, or RCONR2.

  • What is the functional group in nitriles?

    Nitriles contain a cyano group (-C≡N).

  • Identify the functional group in halogenated hydrocarbons.

    They contain a halogen atom (F, Cl, Br, I) bonded to carbon.

  • What functional group is present in alkenes?

    Alkenes have a carbon-carbon double bond (C=C).

  • Describe the functional group in alkynes.

    Alkynes contain a carbon-carbon triple bond (C≡C).

  • What functional group defines phenols?

    Phenols have a hydroxyl group (-OH) directly bonded to an aromatic ring.

  • Explain the difference between aldehydes and ketones.

    Aldehydes have a carbonyl bonded to at least one hydrogen, ketones have the carbonyl bonded to two carbons.

  • What functional group is involved in the formation of polymers like nylon?

    Amide groups link monomers in polyamides like nylon.

  • Which functional group is acidic and often found in vinegar?

    The carboxyl group (-COOH) in acetic acid gives vinegar its acidity.

  • How does the presence of a functional group affect solubility?

    Polar functional groups increase solubility in water, while nonpolar groups decrease it.

  • What functional group is responsible for the basicity of amines?

    The amino group (-NH2) can accept protons, making amines basic.