For the following acid–base pairs,
(i) complete the reaction;
(ii) identify the acid (A), base (B), conjugate acid (CA), and conjugate base (CB);
(c)

검증된 단계별 안내

Step 1: Write the general form of an acid-base reaction. An acid donates a proton (H⁺), and a base accepts a proton. The products will be the conjugate base of the acid and the conjugate acid of the base.

Step 2: Identify the reactants in the given acid-base pair. Determine which species is the acid (proton donor) and which is the base (proton acceptor).

Step 3: Complete the reaction by transferring a proton (H⁺) from the acid to the base. Write the resulting products, which are the conjugate base of the acid and the conjugate acid of the base.

Step 4: Label the species in the reaction. The original acid becomes the conjugate base (CB), and the original base becomes the conjugate acid (CA). Clearly identify each species as acid (A), base (B), conjugate acid (CA), or conjugate base (CB).

Step 5: Verify the reaction by ensuring that the proton transfer is consistent with the definitions of acids and bases, and check that the charges and atoms are balanced on both sides of the equation.

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주요 개념

질문에 올바르게 답하기 위해 반드시 이해해야 하는 핵심 개념들은 다음과 같습니다.

Acid-Base Theory

Acid-base theory explains the behavior of acids and bases in chemical reactions. According to the Brønsted-Lowry theory, an acid is a proton donor, while a base is a proton acceptor. This framework helps in identifying the roles of different species in a reaction, allowing for the classification of substances as acids or bases based on their ability to donate or accept protons.

Conjugate Acid-Base Pairs

Conjugate acid-base pairs consist of two species that transform into each other by the gain or loss of a proton. When an acid donates a proton, it becomes its conjugate base, while the base that accepts the proton becomes its conjugate acid. Understanding these pairs is crucial for predicting the direction of acid-base reactions and the relative strength of acids and bases.

Reaction Completion

Completing an acid-base reaction involves writing the products formed when an acid reacts with a base. This typically results in the formation of a conjugate acid and a conjugate base. Recognizing the reactants' identities and their roles in the reaction is essential for accurately predicting the products and understanding the underlying chemical principles.

For the following acid–base pairs, (i) complete the reaction; (ii) identify the acid (A), base (B), conjugate acid (CA), and conjugate base (CB); (c)