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Atomic Structure, Periodic Table, and Isotopes

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이 집합의 용어 (20)

  • What is an atom?
    An atom is the smallest unit of an element that retains its chemical properties, consisting of protons, neutrons, and electrons.
  • What particles make up the nucleus of an atom?
    The nucleus contains protons and neutrons.
  • What is the charge of a proton, neutron, and electron?
    Proton: +1, Neutron: 0 (neutral), Electron: -1.
  • Where are electrons located in an atom?
    Electrons orbit the nucleus in energy levels or shells.
  • Define isotopes.
    Isotopes are atoms of the same element with the same number of protons but different numbers of neutrons.
  • How do isotopes of an element differ?
    They have different mass numbers due to varying neutron counts but the same chemical properties.
  • What is the atomic number?
    The atomic number is the number of protons in an atom's nucleus.
  • What is the mass number?
    The mass number is the total number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus.
  • How is the periodic table arranged?
    Elements are arranged in order of increasing atomic number and grouped by similar chemical properties.
  • What information does the periodic table provide about elements?
    It shows atomic number, symbol, atomic mass, and groups with similar properties.
  • What defines a group in the periodic table?
    A group is a vertical column where elements have the same number of valence electrons.
  • What defines a period in the periodic table?
    A period is a horizontal row where elements have the same number of electron shells.
  • Why do elements in the same group have similar properties?
    Because they have the same number of valence electrons, which determine chemical behavior.
  • What is the significance of valence electrons?
    Valence electrons determine an element's chemical reactivity and bonding.
  • How do you calculate the number of neutrons in an atom?
    Number of neutrons = mass number - atomic number.
  • What is an ion?
    An ion is an atom or molecule with a net electric charge due to loss or gain of electrons.
  • How do isotopes affect atomic mass?
    Atomic mass is a weighted average of all isotopes' masses based on their abundance.
  • What is the difference between atomic mass and mass number?
    Mass number is the total protons and neutrons in one atom; atomic mass is the average mass of all isotopes.
  • What is the role of neutrons in the nucleus?
    Neutrons add mass and help stabilize the nucleus by reducing proton repulsion.
  • How does the periodic table reflect electron configuration?
    Periods correspond to electron shells; groups correspond to valence electron count.