According to labeling theory in social psychology, which two types of deviance are identified based on how individuals respond to being labeled as deviant?
A
Retreatism and rebellion
B
Conformity and innovation
C
Primary deviance and secondary deviance
D
Normative deviance and cultural deviance
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Understand that labeling theory in social psychology focuses on how being labeled as 'deviant' affects an individual's self-identity and behavior.
Recognize that the theory distinguishes between two types of deviance based on the individual's response to the label: primary deviance and secondary deviance.
Primary deviance refers to initial acts of rule-breaking that do not affect a person's self-concept or how others perceive them significantly.
Secondary deviance occurs when an individual accepts the deviant label and begins to act in accordance with it, often leading to a deviant identity.
Therefore, the two types of deviance identified by labeling theory are primary deviance and secondary deviance, highlighting the process of how labeling influences behavior.