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Chp.2 worksheet p.1-15

컨트롤 버튼이 '내비게이션' 모드로 변경되었습니다.
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이 집합의 용어 (25)

  • What is a theory in psychology?
    Theory is an organized system of assumptions and principles that attempts to explain a set of phenomena.
  • What are the key characteristics of good psychological theories?
    Good theories are testable, parsimonious, and supported by scientific evidence.
  • What are the main steps of the scientific method in psychology?
    Identify a gap in knowledge, create a hypothesis, design and conduct a study, analyze data, draw conclusions, and publish findings.
  • What is a variable in psychological research?
    A variable is a construct that can vary from person to person or situation to situation.
  • Difference between independent and dependent variables?
    Independent variables can be manipulated or measured; dependent variables are always measured and assumed to be influenced by the IV.
  • What is an operational definition?
    An operational definition describes a variable in observable and measurable terms, specifying how it is measured.
  • Why are operational definitions important?
    They ensure clarity and consistency in how variables are measured, which can vary across different psychological fields.
  • What is the difference between a population and a sample?
    Population is the entire group a researcher wants to understand; a sample is the subset selected to participate in the study.
  • What is random sampling?
    A sampling method where every member of the population has an equal chance of being selected.
  • What is a convenience sample?
    A non-random sample where participants are selected based on availability or willingness to participate.
  • What is a case study in psychology?
    An in-depth examination of one person or a small group, often used to study rare or unique phenomena.
  • Strengths and limitations of case studies?
    Strength: Provides detailed information on rare cases. Limitation: Results may be subjective and not generalizable.
  • What is observational research?
    A method where researchers systematically observe and record behavior with minimal interference.
  • Difference between naturalistic and laboratory observation?
    Naturalistic observation occurs in natural environments; laboratory observation occurs in a controlled setting.
  • What are psychometric assessments?
    Tools like surveys, interviews, and tests used to measure psychological constructs such as attitudes or cognitive skills.
  • What is reliability in psychological testing?
    Reliability is the consistency of an assessment's scores across time and place.
  • What is validity in psychological testing?
    Validity refers to the accuracy or appropriateness of conclusions drawn from a test.
  • What is test-retest reliability?
    A measure of consistency where the same test is given to the same group at two different times.
  • What is construct validity?
    The degree to which a test accurately measures the construct it intends to measure.
  • What defines an experiment in psychology?
    An experiment is a controlled test where one variable is manipulated to discover its effect on another.
  • Why is random assignment important in experiments?
    It increases equivalency between groups, reducing the chance of confounding variables affecting results.
  • What is the difference between experimental and control groups?
    Experimental groups receive the manipulated independent variable; control groups do not.
  • What is a double-blind experiment?
    An experiment where both the participant and researcher are unaware of the participant's condition to reduce bias.
  • What are the strengths of experiments?
    They provide a high level of control and are the only method that can establish causation.
  • What are limitations of experiments?
    Experiments can feel artificial and may not generalize well to real-world behavior.