뒤로Introduction to Psychology - Biological Perspective and Nervous System
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Neuroscience is the scientific study of the nervous system, including the brain, spinal cord, and neural networks.
Biological psychology or behavioral neuroscience studies the relationship between biological processes and behavior.
The nervous system is a network of cells that transmits signals between different parts of the body to coordinate actions and sensory information.
Neurons, which transmit information, and glial cells, which support and protect neurons.
A neuron is a nerve cell that transmits electrical and chemical signals in the nervous system.
Dendrites, cell body (soma), axon, myelin sheath, and axon terminals.
Glial cells provide support, nutrition, and insulation to neurons and help maintain homeostasis.
Myelin is a fatty substance that insulates axons to speed up neural transmission.
Neurotransmission is the process of sending chemical signals across the synapse from one neuron to another.
Synaptic vesicles are small sacs in axon terminals that store neurotransmitters.
Neurotransmitters are chemical messengers that transmit signals across a synapse to receptor sites on another neuron.
The synapse is the small gap between neurons where neurotransmitters are released to communicate.
Receptor sites are locations on the receiving neuron where neurotransmitters bind to influence neural activity.
Excitatory synapses increase the likelihood of the neuron firing; inhibitory synapses decrease it.
Agonists enhance neurotransmitter effects; antagonists block or reduce neurotransmitter effects.
Acetylcholine (Ach) is a neurotransmitter involved in muscle movement, learning, and memory.
Hindbrain, midbrain, and forebrain.
The medulla controls vital automatic functions like heartbeat and breathing.
The pons helps regulate sleep, arousal, and coordinates movement.
The reticular formation controls arousal and attention.
The cerebellum coordinates voluntary movement and balance.
The limbic system is involved in emotions, memory, and motivation.
The thalamus acts as a relay station for sensory information to the cortex.
The hypothalamus regulates hunger, thirst, temperature, and the endocrine system.
The hippocampus is critical for forming new memories.
The amygdala processes emotions, especially fear and aggression.
The cerebral cortex is the brain's outer layer responsible for complex thought, perception, and voluntary movement.
Corticalization is the process of the cerebral cortex folding to increase surface area.
The corpus callosum connects the two cerebral hemispheres and allows communication between them.