뒤로Introduction to Psychology: Biological Perspective and Nervous System
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Neuroscience is the scientific study of the nervous system.
Biological Psychology studies the relationship between biological processes and behavior.
The nervous system is a network of cells that transmits signals between different parts of the body.
Neurons and glial cells.
A neuron is a nerve cell that transmits electrical and chemical signals.
Dendrites, cell body, axon, and axon terminals.
Glial cells support and protect neurons, providing nutrients and insulation.
Myelin is a fatty substance that insulates axons to speed up neural transmission.
Neurotransmission is the process of sending chemical signals across the synapse between neurons.
Synaptic vesicles are small sacs in axon terminals that store neurotransmitters.
The synapse is the gap between neurons where neurotransmitters are released.
Receptor sites are locations on the receiving neuron where neurotransmitters bind.
Excitatory synapses increase the chance of neuron firing; inhibitory synapses decrease it.
Agonists enhance neurotransmitter effects; antagonists block or reduce them.
Acetylcholine is involved in muscle movement and memory.
Hindbrain, midbrain, and forebrain.
The medulla controls vital functions like heartbeat and breathing.
The pons helps regulate sleep and arousal.
The reticular formation controls attention and arousal.
The cerebellum coordinates movement and balance.
Thalamus, hypothalamus, hippocampus, amygdala, and cingulate cortex.
Corticalization is the wrinkling of the cortex to increase surface area.
The corpus callosum connects the two cerebral hemispheres.
The occipital lobe processes visual information.
The parietal lobe processes sensory information and contains the somatosensory cortex.
The frontal lobe controls motor functions and higher cognitive processes.
Association areas integrate information from different brain regions for complex functions.
Broca's aphasia is difficulty producing speech due to damage in the frontal lobe.
Wernicke's aphasia is difficulty understanding language due to damage in the temporal lobe.
Spatial neglect is ignoring one side of space, often after right hemisphere damage.
The left hemisphere controls language, logic, and analytical thinking.
The right hemisphere controls spatial abilities, creativity, and facial recognition.
The somatic nervous system controls voluntary movements via sensory and motor pathways.
The autonomic nervous system regulates involuntary body functions like heartbeat and digestion.
Sympathetic activates fight-or-flight; parasympathetic promotes rest and digestion.