뒤로Introduction to Psychology: Key Concepts Vocabulary
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이 집합의 용어 (30)
The debate over the relative contributions of genetics (nature) and environment (nurture) to human development and behavior.
The process by which traits that enhance survival and reproduction become more common in successive generations.
The study of how evolutionary principles such as natural selection influence human thoughts, feelings, and behaviors.
The field that studies the relative power and limits of genetic and environmental influences on behavior.
A random error in gene replication that leads to a change in the genetic code.
Every external influence, from prenatal nutrition to social experiences, that affects an individual’s development.
The genetic transmission of characteristics from parents to offspring.
The biochemical units of heredity that make up chromosomes and direct the development of traits.
Twins who develop from a single fertilized egg that splits, creating genetically identical individuals.
Twins who develop from separate fertilized eggs and are genetically no more similar than regular siblings.
The interplay that occurs when the effect of one factor (such as environment) depends on another factor (such as heredity).
The body's speedy, electrochemical communication network consisting of all nerve cells.
The brain and spinal cord, responsible for processing information and directing responses.
The sensory and motor neurons that connect the central nervous system to the rest of the body.
Neurons that carry incoming information from the sensory receptors to the central nervous system.
Neurons that carry outgoing information from the central nervous system to muscles and glands.
Neurons within the central nervous system that communicate internally and intervene between sensory inputs and motor outputs.
The division of the peripheral nervous system that controls voluntary muscle movements.
The part of the peripheral nervous system that controls involuntary functions like heartbeat and digestion.
The division of the autonomic nervous system that arouses the body, mobilizing energy in stressful situations.
The division of the autonomic nervous system that calms the body and conserves energy after stress.
An automatic, involuntary response to a stimulus, often processed by the spinal cord.
A nerve cell that is the basic building block of the nervous system.
The part of a neuron that contains the nucleus and keeps the cell alive.
Branchlike extensions of a neuron that receive messages and conduct impulses toward the cell body.
The long fiber that carries electrical impulses away from the neuron's cell body to other neurons or muscles.
A fatty layer that insulates axons and speeds up neural impulses.
Cells in the nervous system that support, nourish, and protect neurons.
A neural impulse; a brief electrical charge that travels down an axon.
The level of stimulation required to trigger a neural impulse.