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Multiple Comparisons: Tukey Test definitions

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  • ANOVA
    A statistical method used to compare means across multiple groups to determine if at least one group differs significantly.
  • Null Hypothesis
    A statement asserting that all group means are equal, serving as the default assumption in statistical tests.
  • Post Hoc Test
    A follow-up procedure performed after rejecting the null hypothesis in ANOVA to pinpoint which means differ.
  • Tukey Test
    A specific post hoc test that compares all possible pairs of means to identify significant differences between groups.
  • Critical Value
    A threshold from a statistical table used to decide whether to reject the null hypothesis in a comparison.
  • Studentized Range Distribution
    A probability distribution used to obtain critical values for the Tukey test, based on group count and degrees of freedom.
  • Q Statistic
    A calculated value representing the difference between two means, adjusted for error and sample size, used in the Tukey test.
  • Degrees of Freedom
    A value determined by subtracting the number of groups from the total number of observations, essential for table lookup.
  • Mean Squares Due to Error
    A measure of variance within groups, obtained from ANOVA output, used in the denominator of the Tukey test formula.
  • Sample Size
    The number of observations in each group, influencing the calculation of the test statistic in pairwise comparisons.
  • Alternative Hypothesis
    A statement suggesting that at least one pair of group means is different, opposing the null hypothesis.
  • Pairwise Comparison
    The process of evaluating differences between every possible pair of group means in post hoc testing.
  • Variance Within Groups
    The variability observed among individuals within the same group, used in error calculations for statistical tests.
  • Alpha Level
    The predetermined probability threshold for significance, commonly set at 0.05 in hypothesis testing.
  • Q Table
    A reference chart providing critical values for the Tukey test based on alpha, group count, and degrees of freedom.