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Ch. 4 - Discrete Probability Distributions
Larson - Elementary Statistics: Picturing the World 8th Edition
Larson8th EditionElementary Statistics: Picturing the WorldISBN: 9780137493470당신이 사용하는 게 아니라요?교과서 변경
4장, 문제 4.1.21b

Finding Probabilities Use the probability distribution you made in Exercise 19 to find the probability of randomly selecting a household that has (b) two or more HD televisions

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Step 1: Recall the probability distribution created in Exercise 19. This distribution should list the number of HD televisions in a household (e.g., 0, 1, 2, etc.) along with their corresponding probabilities.
Step 2: Identify the probabilities associated with households that have two or more HD televisions. This means you need to consider the probabilities for 2, 3, and any higher numbers of HD televisions (if applicable).
Step 3: Add the probabilities for all these cases (e.g., P(X = 2), P(X = 3), etc.). Use the formula: \( P(X \geq 2) = P(X = 2) + P(X = 3) + \dots \).
Step 4: Ensure that the sum of all probabilities in the distribution equals 1. This is a good way to verify that the distribution is valid and that no probabilities are missing.
Step 5: The result of the summation from Step 3 gives the probability of randomly selecting a household with two or more HD televisions.

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주요 개념

질문에 올바르게 답하기 위해 반드시 이해해야 하는 핵심 개념들은 다음과 같습니다.

Probability Distribution

A probability distribution is a mathematical function that provides the probabilities of occurrence of different possible outcomes in an experiment. It can be discrete, where outcomes are distinct and countable, or continuous, where outcomes can take any value within a range. Understanding how to construct and interpret a probability distribution is essential for calculating probabilities related to specific events, such as selecting households with certain characteristics.
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Calculating Probabilities in a Binomial Distribution

Random Selection

Random selection refers to the process of choosing individuals or items from a larger population in such a way that each member has an equal chance of being selected. This concept is crucial in statistics as it helps ensure that the sample is representative of the population, allowing for valid inferences to be made. In the context of the question, it implies that the households are chosen without bias, which is important for accurate probability calculations.
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07:09
Intro to Random Variables & Probability Distributions

Cumulative Probability

Cumulative probability is the probability that a random variable takes on a value less than or equal to a specific value. In the context of the question, finding the probability of selecting a household with two or more HD televisions involves calculating the cumulative probability for that category. This concept helps in understanding how probabilities accumulate across different outcomes, which is essential for answering questions about ranges or groups of outcomes.
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Introduction to Probability
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교과서 질문

Manufacturing An assembly line produces 10,000 automobile parts. Twenty percent of the parts are defective. An inspector randomly selects 10 of the parts


a. Use the Multiplication Rule (discussed in Section 3.2) to find the probability that none of the selected parts are defective. (Note that the events are dependent.)

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교과서 질문

Unusual Events In Exercises 37 and 38, find the indicated probabilities. Then determine if the event is unusual. Explain your reasoning.


Rock-Paper-Scissors The probability of winning a game of rock-paper-scissors is 1/3. You play nine games of rock-paper-scissors. Find the probability that the number of games you win is (b) more than five

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교과서 질문

Using a Distribution to Find Probabilities In Exercises 11–26, find the indicated probabilities using the geometric distribution, the Poisson distribution, or the binomial distribution. Then determine whether the events are unusual. If convenient, use a table or technology to find the probabilities.


Living Donor Transplants The mean number of organ transplants from living donors performed per day in the United States in 2020 was about 16. Find the probability that the number of organ transplants from living donors performed on any given day is (a) exactly 12 (Source: Organ Procurement and Transplantation Network)

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교과서 질문

Unusual Events In Exercises 37 and 38, find the indicated probabilities. Then determine if the event is unusual. Explain your reasoning.


Rock-Paper-Scissors The probability of winning a game of rock-paper-scissors is 1/3. You play nine games of rock-paper-scissors. Find the probability that the number of games you win is (a) exactly five

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교과서 질문

Hypergeometric Distribution Binomial experiments require that any sampling be done with replacement because each trial must be independent of the others. The hypergeometric distribution also has two outcomes: success and failure. The sampling, however, is done without replacement. For a population of N items having k successes and failures, the probability of selecting a sample of size that has successes and failures is given by

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In a shipment of 15 microchips, 2 are defective and 13 are not defective. A sample of three microchips is chosen at random. Use the above formula to find the probability that (b) one microchip is defective and two are not defective

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교과서 질문

Using a Distribution to Find Probabilities In Exercises 11–26, find the indicated probabilities using the geometric distribution, the Poisson distribution, or the binomial distribution. Then determine whether the events are unusual. If convenient, use a table or technology to find the probabilities.


Oil Tankers In the month of June 2021, 240 oil tankers stop at a port city. No oil tanker visits more than once. Find the probability that the number of oil tankers that stop on any given day in June is (b) at most three

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