Constructing Confidence Intervals In Exercises 25 and 26, use the figure, which shows the results of a survey in which 1051 adults from France, 1042 adults from Germany, 1003 adults from the United Kingdom, and 1000 adults from the United States were asked whether national identity is strongly tied to birthplace. (Source: Pew Research Center)

National Identity Construct a 99% confidence interval for the population proportion of adults who say national identity is strongly tied to birthplace for each country listed.

검증된 단계별 안내

Step 1: Identify the sample size (n) and sample proportion (p̂) for each country. From the image, the sample sizes are: France (n=1051, p̂=0.32), Germany (n=1042, p̂=0.25), United Kingdom (n=1003, p̂=0.31), and United States (n=1000, p̂=0.35).

Step 2: Determine the critical value (z*) for a 99% confidence interval. For a 99% confidence level, the z* value is approximately 2.576 (based on the standard normal distribution).

Step 3: Calculate the standard error (SE) for each country using the formula: SE = sqrt((p̂ * (1 - p̂)) / n). Substitute the values of p̂ and n for each country into this formula.

Step 4: Compute the margin of error (ME) for each country using the formula: ME = z* * SE. Use the z* value from Step 2 and the SE calculated in Step 3.

Step 5: Construct the confidence interval for each country using the formula: Confidence Interval = p̂ ± ME. Substitute the values of p̂ and ME for each country to find the range of the confidence interval.

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주요 개념

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Confidence Interval

A confidence interval is a range of values, derived from sample statistics, that is likely to contain the true population parameter. It is expressed with a certain level of confidence, such as 99%, indicating the degree of certainty that the interval includes the parameter. For example, if a survey reports a 99% confidence interval for a population proportion, it means that if the survey were repeated multiple times, 99% of the calculated intervals would contain the true proportion.

Population Proportion

The population proportion is the fraction of a population that possesses a certain characteristic, often denoted as 'p'. In the context of the question, it refers to the proportion of adults in each country who believe that national identity is strongly tied to birthplace. Understanding this concept is crucial for constructing confidence intervals, as it helps to estimate the true sentiment of the entire population based on sample data.

Sample Size

Sample size refers to the number of observations or data points collected in a survey or study. In this case, the sample sizes for each country are 1051 for France, 1042 for Germany, 1003 for the United Kingdom, and 1000 for the United States. A larger sample size generally leads to more reliable estimates and narrower confidence intervals, as it reduces the margin of error and increases the precision of the population proportion estimate.