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Ch. 7 - Hypothesis Testing with One Sample
Larson - Elementary Statistics: Picturing the World 8th Edition
Larson8th EditionElementary Statistics: Picturing the WorldISBN: 9780137493470당신이 사용하는 게 아니라요?교과서 변경
7장, 문제 7.1.28

Stating the Null and Alternative Hypotheses In Exercises 25–30, write the claim as a mathematical statement. State the null and alternative hypotheses, and identify which represents the claim.


Attendance An amusement park claims that the mean daily attendance at the park is at least 20,000 people.

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Understand the problem: The amusement park claims that the mean daily attendance is at least 20,000 people. This is the claim we need to translate into a mathematical statement and then formulate the null and alternative hypotheses.
Express the claim mathematically: The claim 'at least 20,000 people' means the mean daily attendance (denoted as μ) is greater than or equal to 20,000. Mathematically, this is written as μ ≥ 20,000.
Define the null hypothesis (H₀): The null hypothesis always includes equality. Since the claim involves 'at least,' the null hypothesis is H₀: μ ≥ 20,000.
Define the alternative hypothesis (H₁): The alternative hypothesis is the complement of the null hypothesis. Since the null states 'μ ≥ 20,000,' the alternative hypothesis is H₁: μ < 20,000.
Identify the claim: The claim is represented by the null hypothesis (H₀: μ ≥ 20,000) because it directly aligns with the amusement park's statement.

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주요 개념

질문에 올바르게 답하기 위해 반드시 이해해야 하는 핵심 개념들은 다음과 같습니다.

Null Hypothesis

The null hypothesis (H0) is a statement that indicates no effect or no difference, serving as a default position that there is no relationship between two measured phenomena. In this context, it would assert that the mean daily attendance at the amusement park is 20,000 or more, which is the claim being tested.
추천 영상:
가이드 코스
06:21
Step 1: Write Hypotheses

Alternative Hypothesis

The alternative hypothesis (H1) is a statement that contradicts the null hypothesis, suggesting that there is an effect or a difference. For this scenario, the alternative hypothesis would state that the mean daily attendance is less than 20,000, representing the possibility that the park's claim is not true.
추천 영상:
가이드 코스
06:21
Step 1: Write Hypotheses

Mathematical Representation of Hypotheses

Mathematical representation of hypotheses involves formulating the null and alternative hypotheses in a precise manner using symbols. For this example, the null hypothesis can be expressed as H0: μ ≥ 20,000, while the alternative hypothesis can be expressed as H1: μ < 20,000, where μ represents the mean daily attendance.
추천 영상:
가이드 코스
06:21
Step 1: Write Hypotheses
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교과서 질문

In Exercises 13–18, test the claim about the population mean μ at the level of significance α. Assume the population is normally distributed.

Claim: μ≥8000; α=0.01. Sample statistics: x_bar=77,000, s=450, n=25

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교과서 질문

Graphical Analysis In Exercises 9–12, match the P-value or z-statistic with the graph that represents the corresponding area. Explain your reasoning.


z = -2.37


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교과서 질문

Hypothesis Testing Using a P-Value In Exercises 33–38,

         

a. identify the claim and state and .

b. find the standardized test statistic z.

c. find the corresponding P-value.

d. decide whether to reject or fail to reject the null hypothesis.

e. interpret the decision in the context of the original claim.


MCAT Scores A random sample of 100 medical school applicants at a university has a mean total score of 505 on the MCAT. According to a report, the mean total score for the school’s applicants is more than 503. Assume the population standard deviation is 10.6. At alpha=0.01, is there enough evidence to support the report’s claim?

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교과서 질문

How do the requirements for a chi-square test for a variance or standard deviation differ from a z-test or a t-test for a mean?

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교과서 질문

In Exercises 7–12, find the critical value(s) and rejection region(s) for the type of chi-square test with sample size n and level of significance α.


Left-tailed test, n=7,α=0.01

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교과서 질문

Hypothesis Testing Using Rejection Regions In Exercises 19–26, (a) identify the claim and state H0 and Ha, (b) find the critical value(s) and identify the rejection region(s), (c) find the standardized test statistic t, (d) decide whether to reject or fail to reject the null hypothesis, and (e) interpret the decision in the context of the original claim. Assume the population is normally distributed.


Annual Salary An employment information service claims the mean annual salary for senior level statisticians is more than \(124,000. The annual salaries (in dollars) for a random sample of 12 senior level statisticians are shown in the table at the left. At α=0.01, is there enough evidence to support the claim that the mean salary is more than \)124,000?


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