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Brain Structure and Function in Psychology

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  • Forebrain
    The most evolutionarily complex brain part, housing the cerebrum responsible for logic, rational thought, and working memory.
  • Cerebrum
    The largest brain portion divided into two hemispheres connected by the corpus callosum, responsible for advanced cognitive functions.
  • Corpus callosum
    A bundle of nerve fibers connecting the two cerebral hemispheres, facilitating communication between them.
  • Frontal lobe
    Contains the primary motor cortex for voluntary movement and the prefrontal cortex for executive control and emotional integration.
  • Broca's area
    Located near the motor cortex, it is crucial for speech production.
  • Temporal lobe
    Located near the ears, includes the primary auditory cortex for hearing and Wernicke's area for language comprehension.
  • Parietal lobe
    Contains the primary somatosensory cortex, responsible for processing touch and proprioception.
  • Occipital lobe
    Located at the back of the brain, dedicated to vision and housing the primary visual cortex.
  • Basal ganglia
    Subcortical structures that regulate movement, acting as a bridge between the primary motor cortex and spinal cord.
  • Thalamus
    A sensory relay station that routes signals and contributes to consciousness and sleep.
  • Limbic system
    Includes the hypothalamus, amygdala, and hippocampus; essential for homeostasis, emotional regulation, and memory formation.
  • Hypothalamus
    Manages survival functions such as hunger, thirst, and body temperature regulation.
  • Amygdala
    Linked to emotions, especially fear and emotional processing.
  • Hippocampus
    Crucial for developing new memories and memory consolidation.
  • Midbrain
    Located centrally, involved in movement and orientation.
  • Hindbrain
    Responsible for basic life functions, including structures like the pons and medulla.
  • Pons
    Regulates the sleep-wake cycle and connects different brain regions.
  • Medulla
    Controls autonomic functions such as breathing and reflexes.
  • Reticular formation
    Extends through the pons and medulla, regulating autonomic functions and contributing to arousal and attention.
  • Cerebellum
    Known as the 'tiny brain,' essential for coordination, balance, and precise motor control.