BackAnatomy & Physiology Cell and Body Basics
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Terms in this set (29)
1. All living things are made of one or more cells.
2. The cell is the basic unit of structure and function in living organisms.
3. All cells come from preexisting cells.
Form the phospholipid bilayer that separates the inside of the cell from the outside environment and controls passage of substances.
Keeps the membrane flexible and stable, preventing it from becoming too stiff or too fluid.
Move substances like glucose, ions, and water across the membrane into or out of the cell.
Receive chemical signals from outside the cell to allow communication and response to hormones or other signals.
Cells are tightly packed to prevent substances from leaking between them; common in stomach and intestines lining.
Strong button-like attachments that hold cells together and provide strength; found in skin and heart muscle.
Small channels connecting neighboring cells allowing ions and small molecules to pass for quick communication.
Simple diffusion moves molecules directly through the membrane without proteins; facilitated diffusion uses transport proteins to move molecules.
Active transport requires energy (ATP) to move substances from low to high concentration using pumps; passive transport does not require energy and moves substances from high to low concentration.
Solute concentration is equal inside and outside the cell; water moves equally in and out, so cell size stays the same.
Solution outside has less solute and more water; water moves into the cell causing it to swell.
Solution outside has more solute and less water; water moves out of the cell causing it to shrink.
The cell takes materials into the cell by forming vesicles around them.
The cell releases materials outside by vesicles fusing with the membrane.
Pinocytosis is cell drinking small amounts of liquid; phagocytosis is cell eating large particles like bacteria.
Pure water is hypotonic; it causes water to enter cells by osmosis, swelling and possibly bursting them, damaging tissues.
Control center of the cell; contains DNA and directs cell activities.
Produces energy (ATP) through cellular respiration; known as the powerhouse of the cell.
DNA is replicated so each new cell will have a complete set of chromosomes.
G1 (growth), S (DNA replication), and G2 (preparation for mitosis).
Programmed cell death that removes damaged, infected, or unnecessary cells during development and to prevent cancer.
Anatomy is the study of body structure; physiology is the study of body function and how parts work.
Atom < molecule < organelle < cell < tissue < organ < organ system < organism.
Maintaining boundaries, movement, responsiveness, digestion, metabolism, excretion, reproduction, growth.
Body activates processes to reverse changes and maintain stability, like regulating body temperature.
Loops that amplify events, such as contractions pushing a baby out during childbirth.
Transverse plane cannot show both brain and torso simultaneously.
Small intestine.