BackAnatomy & Physiology Chapter 11: Sensory Receptors and Special Senses
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Terms in this set (31)
Phasic receptors respond quickly to stimuli but adapt rapidly, signaling changes in stimulus intensity rather than constant presence.
Tonic receptors respond slowly and maintain firing as long as the stimulus is present, providing continuous information.
The specific type of stimulus to which a receptor is most sensitive and can respond effectively.
A graded potential produced in a sensory receptor in response to a stimulus, which can trigger an action potential if threshold is reached.
The minimum stimulus intensity required for a sensation to be consciously perceived.
The specific physical area or region where a sensory neuron can detect stimuli.
A decrease in perception of a stimulus over time due to repeated exposure without change.
A neural mechanism that enhances contrast and sharpens sensory perception by inhibiting neighboring neurons.
The small central pit in the retina with a high density of cones, responsible for sharp central vision.
A light-sensitive pigment found in rod cells essential for vision in low-light conditions.
The light-sensitive pigment found in cone cells responsible for color vision.
Photoreceptor cells in the retina that detect light intensity and are responsible for night vision.
Photoreceptor cells in the retina responsible for color vision and visual acuity in bright light.
The sensory organ within the cochlea that contains hair cells which transduce sound vibrations into nerve impulses.
The potassium-rich fluid filling the membranous labyrinth of the inner ear, crucial for hair cell function.
The fluid between the membranous labyrinth and the bony labyrinth in the inner ear, similar to extracellular fluid.
A spiral-shaped, fluid-filled structure in the inner ear responsible for converting sound waves into nerve signals.
Movement detected by the semicircular canals that sense changes in head rotation.
A sensory structure located in the ampulla of each semicircular canal that detects angular acceleration.
A gelatinous structure in the crista ampullaris that bends with fluid movement to stimulate hair cells.
One of the otolithic organs in the vestibule that detects horizontal linear acceleration and head position.
One of the otolithic organs in the vestibule that detects vertical linear acceleration and head position.
Structures (utricle and saccule) in the vestibule containing hair cells and otoliths that detect linear acceleration and gravity.
Hair-like projections on hair cells that bend in response to fluid movement, triggering sensory signals.
Three fluid-filled canals in the inner ear that detect rotational movements of the head.
Include mechanoreceptors, thermoreceptors, nociceptors, and proprioceptors that detect touch, temperature, pain, and body position.
Photoreceptors for vision, mechanoreceptors for hearing and balance, chemoreceptors for taste and smell.
The process by which the eye's lens changes shape to focus on objects at different distances.
Rods are depolarized, releasing neurotransmitters continuously, signaling the absence of light.
Rods hyperpolarize, reducing neurotransmitter release, signaling the presence of light.
Convergence of multiple rods onto one neuron increases light sensitivity but decreases visual acuity.