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Anatomy & Physiology: Chapter 4 - Tissue

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Terms in this set (22)

  • What are the four general tissue types in animals?
    Epithelial (covers/lines body parts), Connective (connects and supports), Muscle (contractile, moves body), and Nervous (carries electrical signals).
  • What is the polarity characteristic of epithelial tissue?
    Epithelial tissue has a basal surface attached to underlying tissue and an apical surface facing away from it.
  • Name three types of intercellular junctions in epithelial tissue and their functions.
    Tight junctions prevent leakage, desmosomes anchor cells to resist pulling apart, and gap junctions allow communication between cells.
  • What are the two main classifications of epithelial tissue based on layers?
    Simple epithelium has one cell layer; Stratified epithelium has multiple cell layers.
  • What are the three main epithelial cell shapes?
    Squamous (flat), cuboidal (cube-shaped), and columnar (tall and column-shaped).
  • Describe the structure and function of simple squamous epithelium.
    Single layer of flat cells allowing materials to pass by diffusion and filtration; found in air sacs of lungs and lining blood vessels.
  • Where is simple cuboidal epithelium found and what is its function?
    Found in kidney tubules and small gland ducts; functions in secretion and absorption.
  • What is the function of simple columnar epithelium and where is it located?
    Absorbs and secretes mucus and enzymes; located in the digestive tract lining.
  • What distinguishes pseudostratified columnar epithelium?
    Single layer of cells with varying heights, often with cilia and mucus-secreting cells; found in respiratory tract.
  • What is the function of stratified squamous epithelium?
    Protects underlying tissues in areas subject to abrasion; found in skin and esophagus.
  • Describe transitional epithelium and its function.
    Resembles both stratified squamous and cuboidal; stretches to permit urine storage; found in bladder and ureters.
  • What are the main components of connective tissue?
    Fibers (collagen, reticular, elastic), cells (fibroblasts, adipocytes, mast cells, etc.), and ground substance (hydrated matrix).
  • What are the four major types of connective tissue?
    Connective tissue proper, cartilage, bone, and blood.
  • What are the subtypes of loose connective tissue proper?
    Arolear (diffuse packing), adipose (fat storage), and reticular (internal skeleton for organs).
  • Describe dense regular connective tissue and its function.
    Parallel collagen fibers providing unidirectional strength; found in tendons and ligaments.
  • What is the difference between dense regular and dense irregular connective tissue?
    Dense regular has parallel fibers for unidirectional strength; dense irregular has irregular fibers for multidirectional strength.
  • What is the role of elastic connective tissue?
    Contains elastic fibers allowing tissues to recoil after stretching; found in walls of large arteries.
  • Name the three types of cartilage and a key feature of each.
    Hyaline: glassy, flexible; Elastic: rich in elastic fibers; Fibrocartilage: strong, resists compression.
  • What is the structure and function of bone tissue?
    Rigid framework with osteocytes in lacunae arranged in osteons; supports and protects body.
  • What are the components of blood as a connective tissue?
    Formed elements (erythrocytes, leukocytes, platelets) suspended in plasma, a fluid extracellular matrix.
  • What are the three types of muscle tissue and their characteristics?
    Skeletal: voluntary, striated, multinucleate; Cardiac: involuntary, striated, branched; Smooth: involuntary, non-striated, spindle-shaped.
  • What are the two main cell types in nervous tissue?
    Neurons carry electrical signals; Neuroglia support neurons structurally and functionally.