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Anatomy & Physiology Chapters 5-7 Key vocab

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Terms in this set (20)

  • What is the primary function of the integumentary system?
    The integumentary system protects the body, regulates temperature, prevents water loss, and provides sensory information.
  • Name the three main layers of the skin.
    The three main layers are the epidermis, dermis, and hypodermis (subcutaneous layer).
  • What type of tissue primarily composes the epidermis?
    The epidermis is primarily composed of stratified squamous epithelial tissue.
  • What cells in the epidermis produce pigment?
    Melanocytes produce the pigment melanin, which protects against UV radiation.
  • Describe the role of keratinocytes.
    Keratinocytes produce keratin, a protein that strengthens the skin and makes it waterproof.
  • What is the function of the dermis?
    The dermis supports and nourishes the epidermis and contains blood vessels, nerves, hair follicles, and glands.
  • Name two types of glands found in the skin.
    Sweat glands (eccrine and apocrine) and sebaceous (oil) glands.
  • What is the hypodermis composed of and its function?
    The hypodermis is composed mainly of adipose tissue and provides insulation, cushioning, and energy storage.
  • Define homeostasis in the context of physiology.
    Homeostasis is the body's ability to maintain a stable internal environment despite external changes.
  • What is the primary function of bones in the skeletal system?
    Bones provide support, protect organs, enable movement, store minerals, and produce blood cells.
  • What are the two main types of bone tissue?
    Compact bone, which is dense and strong, and spongy bone, which is porous and lightweight.
  • Describe the process of bone remodeling.
    Bone remodeling involves resorption by osteoclasts and formation by osteoblasts to maintain bone strength and calcium balance.
  • What is the role of cartilage in the skeletal system?
    Cartilage provides flexible support and reduces friction at joints.
  • Name the three types of muscle tissue.
    Skeletal muscle, cardiac muscle, and smooth muscle.
  • What distinguishes skeletal muscle from other muscle types?
    Skeletal muscle is voluntary, striated, and attached to bones for movement.
  • How does cardiac muscle differ from skeletal muscle?
    Cardiac muscle is involuntary, striated, and found only in the heart with intercalated discs for synchronized contraction.
  • What is the function of smooth muscle?
    Smooth muscle is involuntary and controls movements in internal organs like the digestive tract and blood vessels.
  • Explain the sliding filament theory of muscle contraction.
    Muscle contraction occurs when actin and myosin filaments slide past each other, shortening the muscle fiber.
  • What role do calcium ions play in muscle contraction?
    Calcium ions bind to troponin, causing a conformational change that allows myosin to bind actin and initiate contraction.
  • Define the term 'physiology'.
    Physiology is the study of the functions and processes of the body and its parts.