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Anatomy & Physiology: Digestive and Respiratory Systems

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  • What accessory organ is NOT part of the digestive system?
    Spleen is not an accessory organ of the digestive system.
  • Which vitamins do bile salts aid in absorbing?
    Bile salts aid the absorption of fat soluble vitamins.
  • What does the root canal of a tooth contain?
    The root canal contains blood vessels and nerves.
  • What type of epithelial cells line the small intestine?
    The small intestine is lined by simple columnar epithelial cells.
  • What do chief cells of gastric glands secrete?
    Chief cells secrete protein digesting enzymes.
  • Which is NOT a salivary gland?
    Fungiform is not a salivary gland; it is a type of papilla on the tongue.
  • Normal glucose level in blood per 100 ml is?
    Normal glucose level is 80-100 milligrams per 100 ml of blood.
  • Which cells secrete hydrochloric acid and intrinsic factor?
    Parietal cells secrete hydrochloric acid and intrinsic factor.
  • Intrinsic factor facilitates absorption of which vitamin?
    Intrinsic factor facilitates absorption of vitamin B12.
  • What is the mixture of gastric juice and food called?
    The mixture is called chyme.
  • Which part is NOT part of the stomach?
    Duodenum is not part of the stomach; it is the first part of the small intestine.
  • What are the ridges and folds inside the stomach called?
    They are called rugae.
  • When does the gastric phase of stomach function begin?
    It begins with the arrival of food in the stomach.
  • What is the function of bile in digestion?
    Bile emulsifies lipids to aid digestion.
  • What is the functional unit of the liver?
    The functional unit is the hepatic lobule.
  • What stores and concentrates bile?
    The gall bladder stores and concentrates bile.
  • Where does the portal vein first empty blood collected from the digestive tract?
    It empties into the liver.
  • What type of blood does the portal vein carry?
    It carries blood rich in digested food molecules but poor in oxygen.
  • Where does most absorption of digested food occur?
    Absorption mainly occurs in the small intestine.
  • Where do the common bile duct and pancreatic duct empty?
    They empty into the duodenum.
  • Which function is NOT performed by the liver?
    The liver does NOT secrete hydrochloric acid.
  • What are the digestive functions of saliva?
    Saliva splits starch and glycogen, binds food particles, acts as a lubricant, and dissolves food chemicals.
  • What are the main components of bile?
    Bile contains water, bile salts, bile pigments, cholesterol, and electrolytes.
  • In which layer of the alimentary canal does absorption occur?
    Absorption occurs in the mucosa layer.
  • What are the main functions of the large intestine?
    Absorption of water and electrolytes, and synthesis of certain vitamins.
  • How long is the small intestine approximately?
    The small intestine is about 20 feet long.
  • What increases the surface area for absorption in the small intestine?
    The presence of villi increases surface area.
  • What guards the passage between the ileum and cecum?
    The ileocecal valve guards this passage.
  • Where does carbohydrate digestion begin?
    Carbohydrate digestion begins in the mouth.
  • How do digested fatty acids enter the circulatory system?
    They diffuse into intestinal lacteals (lymphatic vessels).