BackAnatomy & Physiology: Histology and Tissue Types
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Terms in this set (26)
Histology is the study of tissues and how they are arranged into organs.
A tissue is a group of similar cells and cell products that arise from the same embryonic region and work together to perform a specific structural or physiological role.
The four primary tissues are epithelial, connective, muscular, and nervous tissue.
Covering and lining epithelium forms outer layers and lines cavities; glandular epithelium forms glands.
Protection, secretion, excretion, absorption, filtration, and sensation.
Polarity, specialized contacts, support by connective tissue, avascular but innervated, and regeneration.
Polarity means the epithelial cells have an apical surface exposed to the surface or cavity and a basal surface attached inward to the body, differing in structure and function.
Tight junctions prevent molecules from passing between cells; desmosomes bind adjacent cells together and resist tearing.
It has no blood vessels and is nourished by diffusion from underlying connective tissue but contains nerve endings.
It has a high regenerative capacity stimulated by loss of polarity and broken lateral contacts, especially due to friction or hostile substances.
By number of cell layers (simple or stratified) and cell shape (squamous, cuboidal, columnar).
A single layer of flattened cells for rapid diffusion, found in air sacs of lungs and lining blood vessels (endothelium).
A single layer of cube-shaped cells involved in secretion and absorption, found in kidney tubules and glands.
A single layer of tall cells with microvilli and goblet cells, specialized for absorption and secretion, found in the intestine.
Single layer of cells with varying heights, often ciliated, involved in secretion and mucus propulsion, found in the respiratory tract.
Thick epithelium with multiple layers protecting underlying tissues, found in skin, mouth, and esophagus.
Epithelium that resembles both stratified squamous and cuboidal, stretches to permit urine storage, found in the bladder and ureters.
Endocrine glands are ductless and secrete hormones into blood; exocrine glands secrete products onto body surfaces or cavities.
Ground substance, fibers, and cells make up connective tissue; ground substance and fibers form the extracellular matrix.
Connective tissue proper, cartilage, bone, and blood.
Fibroblasts are immature connective tissue cells that produce matrix; fibrocytes are mature cells that maintain the matrix.
Mast cells detect foreign microorganisms and initiate inflammation by releasing chemicals like heparin and histamine.
Cartilage is a tough, flexible, avascular connective tissue with cells called chondrocytes in lacunae, supported by surrounding membrane.
Hyaline, elastic, and fibrocartilage.
Skeletal, smooth, and cardiac muscle, specialized for contraction and force exertion.
Nervous tissue is specialized for internal communication through electrical signals.