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Anatomy & Physiology I - Skeletal System

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  • What are the four basic tissue types in the human body?
    Epithelial, connective, muscle, and nervous tissue.
  • Define homeostasis in human physiology.
    Homeostasis is the body's ability to maintain a stable internal environment despite external changes.
  • What are the major organic molecules found in living cells?
    Carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids.
  • What is the difference between mitosis and meiosis?
    Mitosis produces two identical daughter cells for growth/repair; meiosis produces four genetically unique gametes for reproduction.
  • Name the major systems covered in this Anatomy & Physiology course.
    Skeletal, integumentary, urinary (renal), endocrine, and reproductive systems.
  • What are the main functions of the integumentary system?
    Protection, temperature regulation, sensation, and defense mechanisms like the inflammatory response.
  • What is the primary function of the skeletal system?
    Support, protection of organs, movement facilitation, blood cell production, and mineral storage.
  • Describe the levels of organization in the human body.
    Chemical, cellular, tissue, organ, organ system, and organism levels.
  • What are synarthroses, amphiarthroses, and diarthroses?
    Types of joints: synarthroses (immovable), amphiarthroses (slightly movable), diarthroses (freely movable).
  • What is the role of the endocrine system?
    To produce hormones that regulate metabolism, growth, reproduction, and homeostasis.
  • Name the major glands of the endocrine system.
    Pituitary, thyroid, parathyroid, adrenal, pancreas, pineal, and gonads (ovaries/testes).
  • What processes are involved in cell membrane transport?
    Diffusion, osmosis, active transport, endocytosis, and exocytosis.
  • What is the function of the renal system?
    To filter blood, form urine, and maintain fluid and electrolyte balance.
  • Explain the difference between acidosis and alkalosis.
    Acidosis is a condition where blood pH is too low; alkalosis is when blood pH is too high.
  • What are the main components of the integumentary system?
    Skin, hair, glands, and nails.
  • What is spermatogenesis?
    The process of sperm cell development in males.
  • What is oogenesis?
    The process of egg cell (ovum) development in females.
  • What is the function of connective tissue?
    To support, bind, and protect tissues and organs.
  • Name the basic structures of a human cell.
    Nucleus, cytoplasm, cell membrane, mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, lysosomes.
  • What is the role of buffers in the body?
    To maintain stable pH by neutralizing excess acids or bases.