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Anatomy & Physiology Key Concepts

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  • Specialty focusing on all structures of the ankle and foot
    Regional anatomy studies all structures in a specific area of the body, such as the ankle and foot.
  • Scientist studying body use of foods and fluids during marathon
    An exercise physiologist studies how the body uses foods and fluids during physical activity.
  • Smallest independently functioning biological unit
    A cell is the smallest unit capable of independent function in an organism.
  • Collection of similar tissues performing a specific function
    An organ is made of similar tissues working together for a specific function.
  • Body system responsible for structural support and movement
    The skeletal system provides structural support, and the muscular system enables movement.
  • Definition of metabolism
    Metabolism is the sum of all chemical reactions in an organism.
  • Importance of adenosine triphosphate (ATP)
    ATP stores energy for use by body cells.
  • Characteristic cancer cells lack
    Cancer cells lack differentiation, meaning they do not perform specialized functions.
  • Most urgent continuous need for humans
    Humans most urgently need a continuous supply of oxygen.
  • True statement about nutrients
    All classes of nutrients are essential to human survival.
  • Body response to cold in a blizzard
    The body responds by breaking down stored energy to generate heat.
  • Nerve cells in stomach respond to food distension by sending info to
    They send information to a control center for processing.
  • Effect of stimulating the heat-loss center
    Stimulating the heat-loss center causes sweat glands to increase output.
  • Example of a positive feedback loop in physiology
    Childbirth is a normal physiologic process using positive feedback.
  • Normal anatomical position of the body
    The person is standing facing the observer with upper limbs at sides and palms facing forward.
  • Plane dividing a banana into right and left halves
    The midsagittal plane divides the body into right and left halves.
  • Lumbar region location relative to cervical and popliteal regions
    The lumbar region is superior to the popliteal and inferior to the cervical region.
  • Body cavity containing the heart
    The heart is within the mediastinum of the thoracic cavity.
  • Wilhelm Röntgen's Nobel Prize discovery
    He won for discovering X-rays.
  • Best imaging technique to study nutrient uptake by cancer cells
    PET scans are best for studying metabolic activity like nutrient uptake.
  • Safest imaging study during pregnancy
    Ultrasounds are safest for use during pregnancy.
  • Two major disadvantages of MRI scans
    MRI scans have high cost and require patient confinement in a metal tube for up to 30 minutes.