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Anatomy & Physiology Lab 1 & 2 Key Terms

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Terms in this set (34)

  • Midsagittal plane
    A vertical plane that divides the body into equal right and left halves.
  • Frontal plane
    A vertical plane that divides the body into anterior (front) and posterior (back) sections.
  • Transverse plane
    A horizontal plane that divides the body into superior (upper) and inferior (lower) parts.
  • Superior
    Refers to a structure being above or higher than another structure.
  • Inferior
    Refers to a structure being below or lower than another structure.
  • Medial
    Toward the midline of the body.
  • Lateral
    Away from the midline of the body.
  • Proximal
    Closer to the point of attachment or origin.
  • Distal
    Farther from the point of attachment or origin.
  • Superficial
    Closer to or on the surface of the body.
  • Deep
    Farther away from the surface of the body.
  • Anterior (Ventral)
    Toward the front of the body.
  • Posterior (Dorsal)
    Toward the back of the body.
  • Cephalic
    Relating to the head.
  • Mental
    Relating to the chin.
  • Sural
    Relating to the calf of the leg.
  • Palmar
    Relating to the palm of the hand.
  • Cervical
    Relating to the neck region.
  • Thoracic cavity
    The body cavity located within the chest, housing the heart and lungs.
  • Abdominal cavity
    The body cavity containing digestive organs such as the stomach, intestines, liver, and others.
  • Simple squamous epithelium
    A single layer of flat cells that allows for rapid diffusion and filtration; found in lungs and blood vessels.
  • Simple cuboidal epithelium
    A single layer of cube-shaped cells involved in secretion and absorption; found in kidney tubules and glands.
  • Simple columnar epithelium
    A single layer of tall, column-shaped cells that absorb and secrete mucus; found in the digestive tract.
  • Nonkeratinized stratified squamous epithelium
    Multiple layers of flat cells that protect underlying tissues; found in moist areas like the mouth and esophagus.
  • Pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium
    A single layer of cells with varying heights, often ciliated; functions in secretion and movement of mucus; found in respiratory tract.
  • Transitional epithelium
    Multiple layers of cells that can stretch; found lining the urinary bladder.
  • Areolar connective tissue
    Loose connective tissue that cushions organs and provides support; contains collagen and elastic fibers.
  • Reticular connective tissue
    Network of reticular fibers that supports lymphoid organs like the spleen and lymph nodes.
  • Adipose tissue
    Connective tissue specialized for fat storage and insulation.
  • Dense regular connective tissue
    Tightly packed collagen fibers arranged in parallel; provides strong attachment; found in tendons and ligaments.
  • Dense irregular connective tissue
    Collagen fibers arranged irregularly; provides strength in multiple directions; found in dermis of skin.
  • Hyaline cartilage
    Smooth cartilage that reduces friction and supports; found on joint surfaces and respiratory structures.
  • Fibrocartilage
    Tough cartilage with thick collagen fibers; found in intervertebral discs and pubic symphysis.
  • Elastic cartilage
    Cartilage with elastic fibers; provides flexible support; found in ear and epiglottis.