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Anatomy & Physiology: Muscle Functions and Body Movements

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Terms in this set (40)

  • Function of the frontalis muscle

    Raises eyebrows and wrinkles the skin of the forehead.

  • Action of the buccinator muscle

    Compresses the cheek and draws the corner of the mouth laterally.

  • Role of the zygomaticus muscle

    Raises the angle of the mouth, contributing to facial expression.

  • Function of orbicularis oculi

    Closes the eyelids.

  • Action of orbicularis oris

    Closes and protrudes the lips.

  • Primary function of the masseter muscle

    Elevates the mandible, aiding in chewing.

  • Role of the temporalis muscle

    Elevates and retracts the mandible.

  • Function of suprahyoid muscles

    Group of muscles superior to the hyoid that elevate the hyoid during swallowing and speaking.

  • Function of infrahyoid muscles

    Group of muscles inferior to the hyoid that depress the hyoid during swallowing and speaking.

  • Actions of the sternocleidomastoid muscle

    Flexes the head onto the chest and rotates the head.

  • Function of splenius capitis

    Extends and rotates the head.

  • Roles of the trapezius muscle

    Elevates, depresses, and adducts the scapula and extends the head.

  • Function of serratus anterior

    Abducts and rotates the scapula, raises the point of the shoulders, and is needed to move the arm above horizontal.

  • Action of pectoralis minor

    Draws the scapula forward and downward and raises the ribs.

  • Functions of pectoralis major

    Flexes, adducts, and medially rotates the humerus.

  • Role of latissimus dorsi

    Extends, adducts, and medially rotates the arm and depresses the scapula.

  • Primary actions of the deltoid muscle

    Abducts, flexes, and extends the arm.

  • Muscles of the rotator cuff and their general function

    Group includes supraspinatus, infraspinatus, subscapularis, and teres minor; they stabilize the shoulder and assist in rotation and abduction.

  • Function of biceps brachii

    Flexes and supinates the forearm and flexes the arm.

  • Action of triceps brachii

    Extends the forearm and arm.

  • Functions of external abdominal oblique

    Compresses the abdomen and laterally flexes the vertebral column.

  • Role of rectus abdominus

    Flexes the vertebral column and compresses the abdomen.

  • Function of internal abdominal oblique

    Compresses the abdomen and laterally flexes the vertebral column.

  • Action of transversus abdominus

    Compresses the abdomen and assists in flexing the vertebral column.

  • Function of iliopsoas group

    Includes psoas major and iliacus; they flex the thigh and psoas major also flexes the vertebral column.

  • Role of gluteus maximus

    Extends the thigh.

  • Function of gluteus medius

    Abducts the thigh.

  • Actions of gracilis muscle

    Adducts the thigh and leg.

  • Functions of quadriceps femoris muscles

    Includes rectus femoris (flexes thigh, extends leg) and vastus muscles (extend leg).

  • Actions of hamstring muscles

    Includes biceps femoris, semitendinosus, semimembranosus; they flex the leg, extend the thigh, and extend the trunk.

  • Function of sartorius muscle

    Flexes thigh and leg and rotates the thigh.

  • Role of gastrocnemius

    Flexes the leg and plantar flexes the foot.

  • Function of soleus muscle

    Plantar flexion of the foot.

  • Action of tibialis anterior

    Dorsiflexion and inversion of the foot.

  • Definition of flexion

    Bending two parts so the angle between them decreases.

  • Definition of extension

    Straightening two parts so the angle between them increases.

  • Definition of abduction

    Movement away from the midline of the body.

  • Definition of adduction

    Movement towards the midline of the body.

  • Definition of dorsiflexion

    Bending the foot towards the body, also called foot flexion.

  • Definition of plantar flexion

    Raising the heel and pointing the toes downward.