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Anatomy & Physiology: Nervous System - Brain and Functions

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  • Name the six main parts of the brain.

    Fore-Brain: 1. Cerebrum, 2. Diencephalon; Mid-Brain; Hind Brain: 4. Pons, 5. Medulla, 6. Cerebellum.

  • What divides the two cerebral hemispheres of the cerebrum?

    The longitudinal fissure divides the two cerebral hemispheres.

  • List the four main lobes of each cerebral hemisphere.

    Frontal, Parietal, Temporal, and Occipital lobes.

  • What are the three main components of each cerebral hemisphere?

    1. Cerebral Cortex (gray matter), 2. Cerebral White Matter (myelinated nerve fibers), 3. Basal Nuclei (cell bodies controlling movements).

  • Where is the general motor area located and what is its function?

    It lies in front of the central sulcus and controls voluntary movements of skeletal muscles.

  • What is the function of the general sensory area and where is it located?

    Located just behind the central sulcus, it receives sensory input from the body.

  • Where is the primary vision area located?

    In the visual cortex of the occipital lobe.

  • What is the role of the primary gustatory area and where is it found?

    It receives taste information and is located on the lateral side of the frontal lobes.

  • Where is the primary auditory area and what does it process?

    Located in the temporal lobes, it processes sound information.

  • What is the primary olfactory area responsible for and where is it located?

    It receives smell inputs and is located in the temporal lobe near the frontal lobes.

  • What are the main parts of the brain stem?

    Mid Brain, Pons, and Medulla Oblongata.

  • What functions do the superior and inferior colliculi of the mid-brain serve?

    Superior colliculi control visual reflexes; inferior colliculi control auditory reflexes.

  • What is the function of the cerebral peduncles in the mid-brain?

    They are thick bands on the anterior side that connect the brainstem to the cerebrum.

  • What is the significance of the aqueduct in the mid-brain?

    A narrow aqueduct passes through the mid-brain connecting the 3rd and 4th ventricles.

  • Describe the location and function of the pons.

    A thick band of nerve fibers anterior to the medulla, connecting cerebellum sides and lower brain parts to the cerebrum; contains the breathing center.

  • Where is the medulla oblongata located and what are its key functions?

    Most inferior brain part, continuous with spinal cord; controls cardiac and breathing centers to regulate heartbeat and breathing rate.

  • What is the role of the 4th ventricle in the medulla?

    Contains choroid plexus in its posterior wall to secrete cerebrospinal fluid.

  • What separates the medulla oblongata from the spinal cord?

    The foramen magnum; medulla is superior, spinal cord is inferior to it.

  • What are basal nuclei and what is their function?

    Clusters of cell bodies deep in the cerebral hemispheres that control movement.

  • What are the primary areas of the cerebral cortex involved in sensory and motor functions?

    General Motor Area, General Sensory Area, Primary Vision, Gustatory, Auditory, and Olfactory Areas.