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Anatomy & Physiology: Nervous System Lab Review

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Terms in this set (21)

  • Major regions of the brain
    The brain is divided into the cerebrum, cerebellum, and brainstem, each with distinct structures and functions.
  • Function of the cerebrum
    The cerebrum controls voluntary movements, sensory perception, reasoning, and memory.
  • Function of the cerebellum
    The cerebellum coordinates balance, posture, and fine motor control.
  • Function of the brainstem
    The brainstem regulates vital functions such as heart rate, breathing, and reflexes.
  • Major regions of the spinal cord
    The spinal cord is divided into cervical, thoracic, lumbar, sacral, and coccygeal regions.
  • Number of spinal nerve pairs in humans
    Humans have 31 pairs of spinal nerves originating from the spinal cord.
  • Spinal nerve pairs by region
    Cervical: 8 pairs, Thoracic: 12 pairs, Lumbar: 5 pairs, Sacral: 5 pairs, Coccygeal: 1 pair.
  • Cranial nerves: location and function
    There are 12 pairs of cranial nerves; each has sensory, motor, or both functions.
  • Cervical plexus nerves
    The cervical plexus is formed by spinal nerves C1 to C4.
  • Brachial plexus nerves
    The brachial plexus is formed by spinal nerves C5 to T1.
  • Lumbar plexus nerves
    The lumbar plexus is formed by spinal nerves L1 to L4.
  • Sacral plexus nerves
    The sacral plexus is formed by spinal nerves L4 to S4.
  • Types of stimuli detected by sensory receptors
    Sensory receptors detect mechanical, thermal, chemical, and pain stimuli.
  • Mechanoreceptors
    Mechanoreceptors respond to mechanical pressure or distortion, such as touch and vibration.
  • Monosynaptic reflex arc
    A reflex arc with a single synapse between sensory and motor neurons, enabling rapid response.
  • Polysynaptic reflex arc
    A reflex arc involving one or more interneurons between sensory and motor neurons, allowing more complex responses.
  • Divisions of the autonomic nervous system
    The autonomic nervous system has sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions with distinct structures and functions.
  • Sympathetic nervous system structure
    Sympathetic neurons have short preganglionic and long postganglionic fibers.
  • Parasympathetic nervous system structure
    Parasympathetic neurons have long preganglionic and short postganglionic fibers.
  • Main effects of the sympathetic nervous system
    Increases heart rate, dilates pupils, inhibits digestion, and prepares body for 'fight or flight.'
  • Main effects of the parasympathetic nervous system
    Decreases heart rate, constricts pupils, stimulates digestion, and promotes 'rest and digest.'