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Anatomy & Physiology: Respiratory and Digestive Systems

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Terms in this set (20)

  • Primary function of the respiratory system

    The respiratory system facilitates gas exchange, supplying oxygen to the blood and removing carbon dioxide.

  • Main organs of the respiratory system

    Includes the nose, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, and lungs.

  • Role of alveoli in respiration

    Alveoli are tiny air sacs where oxygen and carbon dioxide exchange occurs between air and blood.

  • Function of the diaphragm in breathing

    The diaphragm contracts to increase thoracic volume, causing inhalation, and relaxes for exhalation.

  • Pathway of air from nose to lungs

    Air passes through the nose → pharynx → larynx → trachea → bronchi → lungs.

  • Primary function of the digestive system

    The digestive system breaks down food into nutrients for absorption and eliminates waste.

  • Main organs of the digestive system

    Includes the mouth, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, liver, pancreas, and gallbladder.

  • Role of the stomach in digestion

    The stomach mechanically and chemically breaks down food using acid and enzymes.

  • Function of the small intestine

    The small intestine absorbs most nutrients through its lining into the bloodstream.

  • Role of the large intestine

    The large intestine absorbs water and forms feces from indigestible material.

  • Function of the liver in digestion

    The liver produces bile to emulsify fats and detoxifies substances.

  • Role of the pancreas in digestion

    The pancreas secretes digestive enzymes and bicarbonate to neutralize stomach acid.

  • Process of peristalsis

    Peristalsis is the wave-like muscle contractions that move food through the digestive tract.

  • Difference between mechanical and chemical digestion

    Mechanical digestion physically breaks down food; chemical digestion uses enzymes to break down molecules.

  • How oxygen is transported in the blood

    Oxygen binds to hemoglobin in red blood cells for transport to tissues.

  • Role of carbon dioxide in respiration

    Carbon dioxide is a waste product transported from tissues to lungs for exhalation.

  • Importance of mucous membranes in the respiratory system

    Mucous membranes trap particles and pathogens, protecting the respiratory tract.

  • Function of villi in the small intestine

    Villi increase surface area to enhance nutrient absorption in the small intestine.

  • Role of enzymes in digestion

    Enzymes catalyze the breakdown of carbohydrates, proteins, and fats into absorbable units.

  • How breathing rate is regulated

    Breathing rate is controlled by the medulla oblongata responding to carbon dioxide levels in the blood.