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Anatomy & Physiology: Skeletal System Key Terms

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Terms in this set (29)

  • What bones make up the skull region?
    The skull region consists of the cranium and the facial skeleton.
  • Name the four major sutures of the skull.
    • Sagittal suture
    • Coronal suture
    • Lambdoid suture
    • Squamous suture
  • List the four main sinuses in the skull.
    • Maxillary sinus
    • Frontal sinus
    • Ethmoidal sinus
    • Sphenoidal sinus
  • What is the function of the supraorbital foramen and which bone contains it?
    The supraorbital foramen allows passage of nerves and blood vessels above the orbit; it is located in the frontal bone.
  • Name four important features of the temporal bone.
    • External acoustic meatus
    • Mastoid process
    • Styloid process
    • Zygomatic process forming the zygomatic arch
  • What are the key features of the occipital bone?
    The foramen magnum allows spinal cord passage; occipital condyles articulate with the atlas vertebra.
  • Identify three important parts of the sphenoid bone.
    • Sella turcica
    • Greater wings
    • Lesser wings
  • What structures are part of the ethmoid bone?
    • Cribriform plates
    • Perpendicular plate
    • Superior and middle nasal conchae
    • Crista galli
  • What is the role of the alveolar processes in the maxillae and mandible?
    The alveolar processes contain the sockets for teeth in both the maxillae and mandible.
  • Name the four fontanels of the infant skull.
    • Anterior (frontal) fontanel
    • Posterior (lambdoidal) fontanel
    • Antero-lateral (sphenoidal) fontanel
    • Postero-lateral (mastoid) fontanel
  • What are the primary and secondary curvatures of the vertebral column?
    Primary curvatures are thoracic and sacral (present at birth); secondary curvatures are cervical and lumbar (develop after birth).
  • List the main parts of a typical vertebra.
    • Body
    • Pedicles
    • Laminae
    • Spinous process
    • Transverse process
    • Vertebral foramen
    • Facets
    • Superior and inferior articular processes
  • What distinguishes the atlas and axis vertebrae?
    The atlas (C1) supports the skull and allows nodding; the axis (C2) has the dens which allows head rotation.
  • Name the three types of vertebrae in the spinal column.
    • Cervical vertebrae
    • Thoracic vertebrae
    • Lumbar vertebrae
  • What are the key features of the sacrum?
    The sacrum has the median sacral crest, sacral foramina, and the sacral canal.
  • Differentiate between true ribs, false ribs, and floating ribs.
    • True ribs attach directly to the sternum
    • False ribs attach indirectly or not at all
    • Floating ribs have no anterior attachment
  • What are the three main parts of a rib?
    • Shaft
    • Head
    • Tubercle
  • Name the three parts of the sternum.
    • Manubrium
    • Body
    • Xiphoid process
  • What bones form the pectoral girdle?
    The pectoral girdle consists of the clavicles and scapulae.
  • List key features of the scapula.
    • Spine
    • Supraspinous fossa
    • Infraspinous fossa
    • Acromion process
    • Coracoid process
    • Glenoid fossa
  • Name important landmarks of the humerus.
    • Head
    • Greater and lesser tubercles
    • Anatomical and surgical necks
    • Deltoid tuberosity
    • Capitulum and trochlea
    • Lateral and medial epicondyles
  • What are the main features of the radius?
    • Head
    • Radial tuberosity
    • Styloid process
    • Ulnar notch
  • List key features of the ulna.
    • Trochlear notch
    • Olecranon process
    • Coronoid process
    • Radial notch
    • Head
    • Styloid process
  • Name all eight carpal bones.
    • Scaphoid
    • Lunate
    • Triquetrum
    • Pisiform
    • Trapezium
    • Trapezoid
    • Capitate
    • Hamate
  • What bones make up the pelvic girdle?
    The pelvic girdle includes the ilium, ischium, and pubis bones.
  • Identify key features of the ilium.
    • Iliac crest
    • Iliac spines
    • Greater sciatic notch
  • What are the main features of the femur?
    • Head with fovea capitis
    • Neck
    • Greater and lesser trochanters
    • Linea aspera
    • Medial and lateral condyles and epicondyles
  • Name the bones of the lower leg and their key features.
    • Tibia: condyles, tibial tuberosity, anterior crest, medial malleolus
    • Fibula: head, lateral malleolus
  • List the seven tarsal bones of the foot.
    • Talus
    • Calcaneus
    • Navicular
    • Cuboid
    • Lateral cuneiform
    • Intermediate cuneiform
    • Medial cuneiform