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Anatomy & Physiology: The Skeleton - Chapter 7

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Terms in this set (20)

  • What are the main components of the skeletal system?
    The skeletal system is composed of bones, cartilages, joints, and ligaments. Bones make up most of the system, cartilage occurs in isolated areas, and ligaments connect bones and reinforce joints.
  • What are the two major divisions of the skeleton?
    The skeleton is divided into the axial skeleton and the appendicular skeleton.
  • How many bones are in the axial skeleton and what are its three major regions?
    The axial skeleton consists of 80 bones divided into the skull, vertebral column, and thoracic cage.
  • What are the three functions of the axial skeleton?
    The axial skeleton forms the longitudinal axis of the body, supports the head, neck, and trunk, and protects the brain, spinal cord, and thoracic organs.
  • What are the two sets of bones that form the skull?
    The skull is formed by cranial bones (cranium) that enclose the brain and provide muscle attachment sites, and facial bones that form the face framework and contain cavities for special senses.
  • What type of joints connect most skull bones?
    Most skull bones are connected by sutures, which are serrated, saw-tooth joints that firmly lock the bones together.
  • What are the two main parts of the cranium?
    The cranium is divided into the cranial vault (calvaria), which forms the superior, lateral, and posterior skull portions, and the cranial base, which forms the inferior aspect and contains three fossae.
  • Name the eight cranial bones.
    The eight cranial bones are the frontal, parietal (2), occipital, temporal (2), sphenoid, and ethmoid bones.
  • What is the function of the frontal bone and its key features?
    The frontal bone forms the anterior cranium and forehead, includes the squamous region, supraorbital margins, supraorbital foramen for nerves and arteries, and the frontal sinuses near the glabella.
  • What sutures articulate the parietal bones with other skull bones?
    The parietal bones articulate via the coronal suture (with frontal bone), sagittal suture (between parietal bones), lambdoid suture (with occipital bone), and squamous sutures (with temporal bones).
  • What are the key features of the occipital bone?
    The occipital bone forms the posterior skull wall, contains the foramen magnum for spinal cord passage, occipital condyles for articulation with C1, and attachment sites like the external occipital protuberance and nuchal lines.
  • Describe the three parts of the temporal bone.
    The temporal bone has the squamous part (zygomatic process and mandibular fossa), tympanic part (surrounds external acoustic meatus), and petrous part (houses middle and internal ear cavities).
  • What is the sphenoid bone and why is it called the keystone bone?
    The sphenoid bone is a complex, bat-shaped bone that articulates with all other cranial bones, making it the keystone bone of the cranium.
  • What are the key features of the ethmoid bone?
    The ethmoid bone is the deepest skull bone, with cribriform plates forming the nasal cavity roof, the crista galli for dura mater attachment, and the perpendicular plate forming part of the nasal septum.
  • How many bones make up the facial skeleton and which are single bones?
    The facial skeleton has 14 bones, with the mandible and vomer being single bones; the rest are paired.
  • What is unique about the mandible compared to other skull bones?
    The mandible is the largest, strongest, and only movable skull bone, consisting of a body and two rami, and contains the alveolar process for teeth.
  • What bones form the nasal cavity roof, floor, and lateral walls?
    The nasal cavity roof is formed by the ethmoid bone's cribriform plates, the floor by the hard palate of maxilla and palatine bones, and lateral walls by conchae, nasal bone, maxilla, and palatine bones.
  • What are paranasal sinuses and their functions?
    Paranasal sinuses are air-filled cavities in the frontal, ethmoid, sphenoid, and maxillary bones that are lined with mucous membranes to warm, moisten, filter air and lighten the skull.
  • What bones make up the orbits of the eyes?
    The orbits are formed by seven bones: frontal, sphenoid, ethmoid, zygomatic, maxilla, lacrimal, and palatine bones.
  • What is the hyoid bone and its significance?
    The hyoid bone lies inferior to the mandible, does not articulate with any other bone, and acts as a movable base for the tongue.