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Anatomy & Physiology Tissue and Cell Review

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  • Which of the following is not a type of tissue?
    Muscle, nervous, and epithelial are types of tissue; the question is incomplete but these are all tissue types.
  • What is the process by which a less specialized cell matures into a more specialized cell?
    The process is called specialization.
  • From which tissues do differentiated cells in a developing embryo derive?
    They derive from connective tissue, epithelial tissue, and muscle tissue.
  • Which tissue lines body cavities exposed to the external environment?
    The mesothelium lines body cavities exposed to the external environment.
  • What type of epithelial tissue has cells arranged in a single layer, tall and narrow, with nuclei near the basal side?
    This describes columnar epithelial tissue.
  • Which epithelial tissue lines the interior of blood vessels?
    The endothelium lines the interior of blood vessels.
  • Which epithelial tissue specializes in moving particles across its surface?
    The pseudostratified epithelium specializes in moving particles across its surface.
  • Which exocrine gland stores secretion until the glandular cell ruptures?
    The holocrine gland stores secretion until the cell ruptures.
  • Which exocrine gland releases its apical region and reforms?
    The apocrine gland releases its apical region and reforms.
  • What are the three essential components of connective tissue?
    Cells, ground substance, and protein fibers are the three essential components.
  • What type of connective tissue shows cells scattered in spaces in a transparent background under a microscope?
    This is characteristic of loose connective tissue.
  • Which connective tissue specializes in fat storage?
    Adipose tissue specializes in fat storage.
  • What type of connective tissue do ligaments contain to withstand stress?
    Dense regular connective tissue is found in ligaments.
  • From which germ layer do new connective tissue cells originate in adults?
    They originate from the mesoderm.
  • What are the main cells found in bone?
    The main cells are osteocytes (not listed in the question but correct), but from options, fibroblasts are incorrect; correct answer is osteocytes.
  • Which muscle types show striations, cylindrical cells, and multiple nuclei?
    Skeletal and cardiac muscles show these features.
  • From which germ layer do muscle cells (myocytes) develop?
    Muscle cells develop from the mesoderm.
  • Which organelles are abundant in skeletal muscle cells?
    Mitochondria and nuclei are abundant; striations are structural features.
  • Which cells are responsible for transmitting nerve impulses?
    Neurons transmit nerve impulses.
  • Which part of the neuron carries the nerve impulse away from the cell body?
    The axon carries impulses away from the cell body.
  • Which CNS cells regulate ions, neurotransmitter uptake, and contribute to the blood-brain barrier?
    Astrocytes perform these functions.
  • Which of the following is not a cardinal sign of inflammation?
    Loss of permeability is not a cardinal sign; redness, heat, and swelling are.
  • What chemical does a mast cell release in response to irritation?
    Mast cells release histamine (not listed but correct), not collagen or hyaluronic acid.
  • What does atrophy refer to?
    Atrophy refers to the loss of cell size or tissue mass.
  • Which lifestyle aspect cannot slow the rate of aging?
    Stress management, diet, and exercise can slow aging; stress itself cannot be ignored.