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Anatomy & Physiology: Tissue Classification and Epithelial Tissue

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Terms in this set (25)

  • What is the structural and functional unit of life?
    Cell is the structural and functional unit of life.
  • Define tissue and organ.
    Tissue is a group of cells with similar structure and function. Organ is a structure composed of two or more tissue types.
  • What are the four main types of tissues?
    The four main tissue types are epithelial, connective, nervous, and muscle tissue.
  • What are the two criteria used to classify epithelial tissue?
    Epithelial tissue is classified by arrangement (simple or stratified) and cell shape (squamous, cuboidal, columnar).
  • Describe simple squamous epithelium.
    Single layer of flattened cells; functions in diffusion and filtration; located in air sacs of lungs and blood vessels.
  • What is the function and location of simple cuboidal epithelium?
    Single layer of cube-shaped cells; functions in secretion and absorption; found in kidney tubules and small glands.
  • Describe simple columnar epithelium and its special cell type.
    Single layer of tall cells with oval nuclei; functions in secretion and absorption; contains goblet cells that produce mucus; located in digestive tract and bronchi.
  • What is pseudostratified columnar epithelium?
    Single layer of cells with varying heights, often ciliated and containing goblet cells; functions in secretion and mucus propulsion; located in trachea.
  • Describe stratified squamous epithelium and its two types.
    Multiple layers of cells for protection. Keratinized type has dead cells on surface (skin); nonkeratinized type lacks shedding and is found in esophagus, mouth, vagina.
  • What is the function and location of stratified cuboidal epithelium?
    Two layers of cubelike cells; functions in protection; located in sweat glands.
  • Describe stratified columnar epithelium.
    Several layers of columnar cells; functions in protection and secretion; found in the urethra.
  • What is transitional epithelium and where is it found?
    Resembles both stratified squamous and cuboidal; functions to stretch and allow distension; located in urinary bladder and ureters.
  • What are the components of connective tissue?
    Connective tissue consists of ground substance, cell types (fibroblast, mesenchymal cell, adipocyte), and support fibers (elastic, collagen, reticular).
  • Name the four main types of connective tissue.
    Proper connective tissue, cartilage, bone, and blood.
  • What is the function and location of areolar connective tissue?
    Loose connective tissue that wraps and cushions organs; located surrounding capillaries and organs.
  • Describe adipose connective tissue.
    Loose connective tissue with fat cells (adipocytes); functions in insulation and energy storage; located under skin and in breast tissue.
  • What is dense regular connective tissue and its function?
    Proper connective tissue with parallel collagen fibers; provides mechanical strength in tendons and ligaments.
  • Describe hyaline cartilage.
    Cartilage containing chondrocytes; functions in cushioning and support; located at ends of long bones, nose, and trachea.
  • What is the function of bone (osseous tissue)?
    Contains collagen fibers and osteocytes; provides support, strength, and protection; location is bones.
  • What is hematopoiesis and where does it occur?
    Process of erythrocyte (red blood cell) production; occurs in hematopoietic tissue within bones.
  • What are the main functions of blood tissue?
    Transports gases, nutrients, and wastes; contains erythrocytes (red blood cells) and leukocytes (white blood cells); located within blood vessels.
  • What are the three types of muscle tissue?
    Skeletal muscle, cardiac muscle, and smooth muscle.
  • Describe skeletal muscle tissue.
    Long, cylindrical, multinucleated, striated cells; functions in voluntary movement; attached to bones.
  • Describe cardiac muscle tissue.
    Short, branched, uninucleated, striated cells; functions in involuntary contraction to propel blood; located in the heart.
  • Describe smooth muscle tissue.
    Spindle-shaped, short, uninucleated, nonstriated cells; functions in involuntary movement, propelling food; located in hollow organs and digestive tract.