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Anatomy & Physiology: Tissue Level of Organization

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Terms in this set (27)

  • What are the four basic tissue types in the human body?
    Epithelial, connective, muscular, and nervous tissues.
  • What is the primary function of epithelial tissue?
    Protection, absorption, filtration, secretion, and sensory reception.
  • How is epithelial tissue classified by cell layers?
    Simple epithelium has one layer; stratified epithelium has two or more layers.
  • How is epithelial tissue classified by cell shape?
    Cells can be squamous (flat), cuboidal (cube-shaped), or columnar (tall).
  • What are the characteristics of epithelial tissue?
    It is innervated, avascular, has a high regeneration rate, and is supported by connective tissue.
  • What is the function of simple squamous epithelium?
    Allows materials to pass by diffusion and filtration; found in air sacs of lungs, lining of blood vessels, and serous membranes.
  • Where is simple cuboidal epithelium found and what is its function?
    Located in kidney tubules and glands; functions in secretion and absorption.
  • What distinguishes simple columnar epithelium?
    Tall cells often with microvilli or cilia; functions in absorption and secretion, found in the digestive tract.
  • What is pseudostratified columnar epithelium?
    Single layer of cells with varying heights; often ciliated and involved in secretion and propulsion of mucus.
  • What is the difference between keratinized and nonkeratinized stratified squamous epithelium?
    Keratinized has a surface layer of dead cells full of keratin for protection; nonkeratinized is moist and found in mouth and esophagus.
  • What is transitional epithelium and where is it found?
    Stratified epithelium that stretches readily; found in urinary bladder, ureters, and part of urethra.
  • What are the main functions of connective tissue?
    Bind tissues, support and strengthen, protect organs, compartmentalize, transport, store energy, and immune responses.
  • What are the four main classes of connective tissue?
    Connective tissue proper, cartilage, bone, and blood.
  • What are the three main components of connective tissue?
    Ground substance, fibers, and cells.
  • Name the three types of protein fibers in connective tissue and their functions.
    Collagen resists tension, elastic fibers stretch and recoil, reticular fibers form supportive nets.
  • What is Marfan syndrome and which connective tissue fiber is affected?
    A disorder of elastic fibers causing tall stature, vision problems, and aortic weakness.
  • What is the ground substance in connective tissue?
    An unstructured gel-like material containing interstitial fluid, cell adhesion proteins, and glycosaminoglycans.
  • What are the three types of loose connective tissue?
    Areolar, adipose, and reticular connective tissues.
  • Where is dense regular connective tissue found and what is its function?
    In tendons and ligaments; collagen fibers align parallel to resist tension in one direction.
  • What is the difference between dense irregular and dense elastic connective tissue?
    Dense irregular resists tension from multiple directions; dense elastic allows stretch and recoil in organs like blood vessels.
  • What are the three types of cartilage?
    Hyaline, elastic, and fibrocartilage.
  • What are the main components of bone tissue?
    Osteoblasts/osteocytes, collagen fibers, and a calcified ground matrix with calcium phosphate crystals.
  • What are membranes and their general structure?
    Sheets of epithelial and connective tissue that cover or line body parts, e.g., cutaneous, mucous, and serous membranes.
  • What is the cutaneous membrane composed of?
    Keratinized stratified squamous epithelium (epidermis) and underlying connective tissue (dermis).
  • Where are mucous membranes found and what do they consist of?
    Line respiratory, digestive, reproductive, and urinary tracts; epithelial sheet over loose connective tissue called lamina propria.
  • What is the mesothelium and where is it found?
    Simple squamous epithelium lining serous membranes of the pericardium, pleura, and peritoneum.
  • What is mesothelioma?
    A cancer of the mesothelium often caused by asbestos exposure, commonly affecting the lungs.