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Anatomy & Physiology: Tissue Types and Characteristics

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Terms in this set (29)

  • What are the four main types of tissue?
    Epithelial, Connective, Muscular, and Neural tissue.
  • What are the primary functions of connective tissue?
    Support, transport, and store energy.
  • What are the key functions of epithelial tissue?
    Protection, absorption, permeability, and secretion.
  • List the five main characteristics of epithelial tissue.
    Cellularity, Polarity, Attachment, Avascularity, and Regeneration.
  • What does polarity in epithelial tissue refer to?
    The presence of an apical surface facing outside and a basal surface attached to underlying tissue.
  • Why is epithelial tissue avascular?
    It lacks blood vessels; nutrients diffuse from underlying tissues.
  • What is the basement membrane composed of in epithelial tissue?
    A clear layer (lamina lucida) made by epithelia and a dense layer (lamina densa) made by connective tissue.
  • Name three types of cell junctions in epithelial tissue and their functions.
    Gap junctions allow molecule exchange, tight junctions prevent passage between cells, desmosomes provide mechanical support.
  • What are hemidesmosomes?
    Cell junctions that anchor epithelial cells to the basement membrane.
  • What is the role of microvilli in epithelial cells?
    Increase surface area for absorption.
  • What is the function of cilia on epithelial cells?
    Move substances across the cell surface.
  • Where is simple squamous epithelium found and what is its function?
    Found in alveoli and blood vessels; functions in absorption and diffusion.
  • What is the main function of stratified squamous epithelium?
    Protection, often with keratinization.
  • What type of epithelium lines the small intestine?
    Simple columnar epithelium.
  • What is unique about transitional epithelium?
    Allows stretching; found in the urinary bladder.
  • Name the three types of glandular secretion mechanisms.
    Merocrine (exocytosis), Apocrine (cell pinches off), and Holocrine (cell bursts).
  • Give an example of a merocrine gland.
    Sweat glands.
  • What type of secretion do mammary glands use?
    Apocrine secretion.
  • What type of secretion do sebaceous glands use?
    Holocrine secretion.
  • What are the three categories of connective tissue?
    Connective tissue proper, fluid connective tissue, and supporting connective tissue.
  • Name the types of connective tissue proper.
    Loose (areolar, adipose, reticular) and dense (regular, irregular, elastic).
  • What is the function of collagen fibers?
    Provide strength; they are strong, unbranched, and straight.
  • What is the role of elastic fibers in connective tissue?
    Allow stretch and recoil; they are branched and wavy.
  • What is fasciae in connective tissue?
    A connective tissue framework including superficial, deep, and subserous layers.
  • What type of membrane lines passages connected to the exterior?
    Mucous membrane.
  • What membranes line internal cavities such as the lungs and heart?
    Serous membranes: pleura (lungs), peritoneum (abdomen), pericardium (heart).
  • What is the difference between parietal and visceral serous membranes?
    Parietal lines cavities; visceral lines organs.
  • What membrane covers the surface of the body?
    Cutaneous membrane (skin).
  • What is the function of synovial membranes?
    Line joints and protect bones.