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Anatomy & Physiology: Tissue Types, Organ Systems, and Structures

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Terms in this set (21)

  • What are the four principal types of tissue in the human body?

    Epithelial, connective, muscular, and nervous tissues.

  • What are the common features of epithelial tissues?

    Cells fit tightly together, have a basement membrane, three surfaces (apical, lateral, basal), and lack vascular supply.

  • What are the two layers of the basement membrane in epithelial tissue?

    Basal lamina (non-cellular) and reticular lamina (collagen fibers).

  • Name the three epithelial tissue layer types based on cell arrangement.

    Simple, stratified, and pseudostratified.

  • Name the three epithelial cell shapes.

    Squamous, cuboidal, and columnar.

  • What type of epithelium is found in the renal glomerular capsule?

    Simple squamous epithelium.

  • What type of epithelium lines the kidney tubules?

    Simple cuboidal epithelium.

  • What type of epithelium lines the intestinal villi?

    Simple columnar epithelium with microvilli (brush border).

  • What is the characteristic feature of pseudostratified epithelium in the trachea?

    Cells appear stratified but all contact the basement membrane; presence of cilia on the surface.

  • What type of epithelium is found in the vagina?

    Stratified squamous epithelium, non-keratinized.

  • What is transitional epithelium and where is it found?

    Stratified epithelium that can stretch; found in the ureter.

  • What are the four principal types of connective tissue?

    Connective tissue proper, cartilage, bone tissue, and blood (vascular tissue).

  • Name the three types of cartilage.

    Hyaline, elastic, and fibrocartilage.

  • What are the two layers of the dermis?

    Papillary dermis (superficial, loose connective tissue) and reticular dermis (deep, dense irregular connective tissue).

  • What are the five strata of the epidermis in thick skin?

    Stratum corneum, stratum lucidum, stratum granulosum, stratum spinosum, stratum basale.

  • What protein provides protection inside epidermal cells?

    Keratin.

  • What determines skin pigmentation differences between individuals?

    Same number of melanocytes but varying amount and color of melanin produced genetically.

  • What are the main components of the hypodermis?

    Adipose tissue, large blood vessels, and dense connective tissue anchoring skin to underlying structures.

  • Name the accessory organs of the skin.

    Nails, hairs and associated structures, cutaneous glands (sweat and sebaceous glands).

  • What is the function of dense irregular connective tissue in the dermis?

    Withstands tension in many directions and provides structural strength.

  • What is the primary cell type in dense irregular connective tissue?

    Fibroblast.