Skip to main content
Back

Anatomy & Physiology: Tissues and Membranes

Control buttons has been changed to "navigation" mode.
1/27

Terms in this set (27)

  • What are the four basic types of tissues in the body?

    The four basic tissue types are epithelial, connective, muscle, and nervous tissue.

  • What are the two main forms of epithelial tissue?

    Covering and lining epithelium (outer skin layer and body cavities) and glandular epithelium (forms glands).

  • What are the special characteristics of epithelial tissues?

    Supported by connective tissue, avascular but innervated, and have high regenerative capacity.

  • How are epithelial tissues classified by layers and shape?

    By layers: simple (one layer) or stratified (multiple layers). By shape: squamous (flat), cuboidal (cube-shaped), columnar (tall).

  • What is the function and location of simple squamous epithelium?

    Allows rapid diffusion and filtration; found in kidney glomeruli, air sacs of lungs, lining of heart, blood vessels, and lymphatic vessels.

  • Describe simple cuboidal epithelium and its function.

    Single layer of cube-like cells; involved in secretion and absorption; found in kidney tubules and ducts of small glands.

  • What is the role of simple columnar epithelium?

    Absorption and secretion of mucus and enzymes; found in digestive tract, gallbladder, and uterine tubes.

  • What distinguishes pseudostratified columnar epithelium?

    Single layer with varying cell heights, appears stratified; secretes mucus and moves it via cilia; located in upper respiratory tract.

  • What is the main function of stratified squamous epithelium?

    Protection in areas of high abrasion; keratinized type forms skin epidermis; nonkeratinized lines moist body openings.

  • What is transitional epithelium and where is it found?

    Resembles both stratified squamous and cuboidal; stretches to permit urine storage; found in bladder, ureters, and urethra.

  • How are glands classified based on product release and cell number?

    By product release: endocrine (ductless, secrete hormones) and exocrine (ducts, secrete onto surfaces). By cell number: unicellular or multicellular.

  • What are the characteristics of endocrine glands?

    Ductless glands that secrete hormones into interstitial fluid, which enter the blood to target organs.

  • What defines exocrine glands?

    Glands with ducts that secrete products onto body surfaces or cavities; examples include sweat, oil, and salivary glands.

  • What is the difference between unicellular and multicellular exocrine glands?

    Unicellular glands (e.g., goblet cells) produce mucin; multicellular glands have ducts and secretory units, classified by duct structure and secretion mode.

  • What are the main classes of connective tissue?

    Connective tissue proper, cartilage, bone, and blood.

  • What are the three types of muscle tissue and their functions?

    Skeletal (voluntary movement), cardiac (heart contraction), and smooth (propels substances in hollow organs).

  • What are the two main cell types in nervous tissue?

    Neurons (transmit electrical signals) and supporting cells (glial cells) that protect and insulate neurons.

  • What are the four types of membranes in the body?

    Cutaneous (skin), mucous (line body cavities open to exterior), serous (line closed body cavities), and synovial (line joint cavities).

  • What is the function of the cutaneous membrane?

    Protects the body surface; composed of keratinized stratified squamous epithelium and underlying connective tissue.

  • Describe mucous membranes and their locations.

    Line body cavities open to exterior; moist membranes that secrete mucus; found in digestive, respiratory, and urogenital tracts.

  • What are serous membranes and their special features?

    Moist membranes lining closed ventral body cavities; composed of mesothelium and areolar connective tissue; secrete serous fluid.

  • What is unique about synovial membranes?

    Line movable joint cavities; secrete lubricating synovial fluid; lack an epithelial layer.

  • What are the three main steps in tissue repair?

    1. Inflammation sets the stage; 2. Organization restores blood supply; 3. Regeneration and fibrosis effect permanent repair.

  • What occurs during the inflammation stage of tissue repair?

    Release of inflammatory chemicals causes blood vessel dilation and permeability; blood clot forms; redness, heat, swelling, and pain occur.

  • What happens during the organization phase of tissue repair?

    Blood clot replaced by granulation tissue; epithelium regenerates; fibroblasts produce collagen to bridge tissue gaps; debris is phagocytized.

  • What is the outcome of the regeneration and fibrosis phase?

    Scab detaches; fibrous tissue matures; epithelium thickens; results in regenerated epithelium with underlying scar tissue.

  • Which tissues regenerate extremely well and which do not?

    Regenerate well: epithelial, bone, areolar connective, dense irregular connective, blood-forming tissue. Poor regeneration: cardiac muscle, nervous tissue of brain and spinal cord.