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Anatomy & Physiology: Tissues Flashcards

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  • What are tissues?

    Groups of cells that perform specific functions.

  • What is histology?

    The study of tissues.

  • What are the 4 types of tissues?

    Epithelial, connective, muscle, neural.

  • What does epithelial tissue include?

    Epithelia (cover surfaces) and glands (secrete substances).

  • What is cellularity in epithelial tissue?

    Cells tightly packed together.

  • What is polarity in epithelial tissue?

    Apical (top) and basal (bottom) surfaces are different.

  • Is epithelial tissue vascular?

    No, it is avascular (no blood vessels).

  • Does epithelial tissue repair well?

    Limited repair but high regeneration rate.

  • Functions of epithelial tissue?

    Protection, absorption, secretion, sensation.

  • Function of tight junctions?

    Prevent leakage between cells.

  • Function of gap junctions?

    Allow communication between cells.

  • Function of desmosomes?

    Hold cells together like rivets.

  • Function of hemidesmosomes?

    Attach cells to the basement membrane.

  • What are the parts of the basement membrane?

    Basal lamina and reticular lamina.

  • What is squamous epithelium?

    Flat shaped cells.

  • What is cuboidal epithelium?

    Cube-shaped cells.

  • What is columnar epithelium?

    Tall cells.

  • What is simple epithelium?

    One layer of cells.

  • What is stratified epithelium?

    Multiple layers of cells.

  • Function of simple squamous epithelium?

    Diffusion and reduces friction.

  • Special names for simple squamous epithelium?

    Mesothelium lines body cavities; endothelium lines blood vessels.

  • Function of stratified squamous epithelium?

    Protection.

  • Location of stratified squamous epithelium?

    Skin, mouth, esophagus.

  • Function of simple cuboidal epithelium?

    Secretion and absorption.

  • Location of simple cuboidal epithelium?

    Kidney tubules.

  • Function of transitional epithelium?

    Stretching.

  • Location of transitional epithelium?

    Bladder.

  • Function of simple columnar epithelium?

    Absorption and secretion.

  • Function of pseudostratified columnar epithelium?

    Moves mucus using cilia.

  • What are endocrine glands?

    Glands that secrete into the blood.

  • What are exocrine glands?

    Glands that secrete into ducts.

  • What is merocrine secretion?

    Exocytosis of secretions.

  • What is apocrine secretion?

    Cell membrane pinches off to release secretion.

  • What is holocrine secretion?

    Cell bursts to release secretion.

  • What are serous glands?

    Glands that produce watery secretions.

  • What are mucous glands?

    Glands that produce thick mucus.

  • Main function of connective tissue?

    Support, protect, connect tissues and organs.

  • What is the matrix in connective tissue?

    Ground substance plus fibers.

  • What are the 3 classes of connective tissue?

    Proper, fluid, supporting connective tissue.

  • What do fibroblasts do?

    Make fibers in connective tissue.

  • What do adipocytes do?

    Store fat.

  • What do macrophages do?

    Eat pathogens and debris.

  • What do mast cells do?

    Release histamine during inflammation.

  • What are collagen fibers?

    Strong fibers that resist pulling.

  • What are elastic fibers?

    Stretch and recoil fibers.

  • What are reticular fibers?

    Support framework fibers.

  • What is areolar tissue?

    Loose connective tissue that supports and cushions.

  • What is adipose tissue?

    Fat storage and insulation.

  • What is reticular tissue?

    Supports organs with a network of fibers.

  • What is dense regular connective tissue?

    Found in tendons and ligaments.

  • What is dense irregular connective tissue?

    Found in the dermis of skin.

  • What is elastic connective tissue?

    Allows stretching, found in spine ligaments.

  • Function of red blood cells (RBCs)?

    Carry oxygen in the blood.

  • Function of white blood cells (WBCs)?

    Fight infection.

  • Function of platelets?

    Clotting to stop bleeding.

  • What is hyaline cartilage?

    Smooth support cartilage.

  • What is elastic cartilage?

    Flexible cartilage.

  • What is fibrocartilage?

    Strong cartilage that acts as a shock absorber.

  • What are bone cells called?

    Osteocytes.

  • Function of bone?

    Support and calcium storage.

  • What are mucous membranes?

    Membranes that line open systems like the digestive tract.

  • What are serous membranes?

    Membranes that reduce friction between organs.

  • What is the cutaneous membrane?

    Skin.

  • What are synovial membranes?

    Membranes found in joints.

  • What is skeletal muscle?

    Voluntary muscle attached to bones.

  • What is cardiac muscle?

    Muscle of the heart.

  • What is smooth muscle?

    Muscle found in organs.

  • Function of neural tissue?

    Electrical signaling in the body.

  • What are neurons?

    Cells that conduct signals.

  • What are neuroglia?

    Support cells for neurons.

  • Which tissues are excitable?

    Muscle and neural tissues.

  • What does 'excitable' mean in tissue?

    Can carry electrical signals.