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Anatomy & Physiology: Tissues, Integumentary and Digestive System lab 3 & lab 4

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Terms in this set (25)

  • What are the four main types of animal tissues?
    Epithelial, connective, muscle, and nervous tissues.
  • How is epithelial tissue classified?
    By cell shape (squamous, cuboidal, columnar, transitional) and number of layers (simple, stratified, pseudostratified).
  • What is the main non-living component of connective tissue?
    The matrix, consisting of fibers and ground substance secreted by cells.
  • Name the three types of muscle tissue.
    Skeletal, cardiac, and smooth muscle, differing in location, structure, and control.
  • What are the two layers of the skin (integumentary system)?
    The epidermis (epithelial tissue) and the dermis (connective tissue).
  • What protein makes keratinocytes tough and water-resistant?
    Keratin.
  • List the layers of the epidermis from superficial to deep.
    Stratum corneum, lucidum (only in thick skin), granulosum, spinosum, and basale.
  • What type of connective tissue is the dermis mainly composed of?
    Dense, irregular connective tissue rich in collagen.
  • Name two types of sudoriferous (sweat) glands and their locations.
    Eccrine glands found in thick and thin skin; apocrine glands associated with hair follicles in axillary and pubertal hair regions.
  • What is the hypodermis composed of and is it part of the skin?
    Composed mainly of adipose tissue; it is not technically part of the skin.
  • What is the function of simple squamous epithelial tissue in the body?
    Allows diffusion and filtration; found lining blood vessels and alveoli.
  • What connective tissue type provides support and stores energy as fat?
    Adipose tissue.
  • What are chondrocytes and where are they found?
    Cells found in cartilage that reside in spaces called lacunae.
  • Describe the structure and function of skeletal muscle tissue.
    Long, cylindrical, striated fibers with multiple peripheral nuclei; responsible for voluntary movement.
  • What distinguishes cardiac muscle tissue histologically?
    Short, branched, striated fibers with a single central nucleus and intercalated discs.
  • Where is smooth muscle tissue found and what is its function?
    Walls of hollow organs; controls involuntary movements like food propulsion and blood flow regulation.
  • What are the main components of nervous tissue?
    Neurons and neuroglial cells.
  • What are the major functions of the integumentary system?
    Protection, thermoregulation, and sensation.
  • What is the role of melanocytes in the epidermis?
    Produce melanin, the pigment responsible for skin color and UV protection.
  • What is the function of the arrector pili muscle?
    Causes hair to stand up, producing 'goosebumps' for thermoregulation.
  • What are the main layers of the digestive tract wall?
    Mucosa, submucosa, muscularis, and serosa (or adventitia).
  • What is the function of villi and lacteals in the small intestine?
    Villi increase surface area for nutrient absorption; lacteals transport dietary lipids via lymph.
  • What is the unique muscular feature of the stomach compared to other GI organs?
    The stomach has an additional oblique muscle layer besides longitudinal and circular layers.
  • What is the peritoneum and its two major parts?
    A serous membrane; the parietal peritoneum lines the abdominal cavity, and the visceral peritoneum (serosa) covers organs.
  • Name the major folds of the peritoneum and their functions.
    Greater omentum (fat storage), lesser omentum (supports stomach), falciform ligament (supports liver), mesocolon (supports colon), mesentery (supports small intestine).