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Anatomy & Physiology: Tissues, Integumentary System, and Skeletal Tissue

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Terms in this set (20)

  • What are the two main classifications of epithelial tissue by number of layers?

    Simple: single layer of cells; Stratified: two or more layers stacked.

  • What is the apical layer cell shape and keratinization status of stratified squamous epithelium?

    Apical layer is squamous and can be keratinized (skin) or nonkeratinized (other areas).

  • Name the three main types of connective tissue proper.

    Loose (areolar, adipose, reticular), Dense (regular, irregular, elastic).

  • What are the three fiber types in connective tissue and one key property of each?

    Collagen: high tensile strength; Elastic: stretch and recoil; Reticular: delicate mesh-like support.

  • What are the three serous membranes and their locations?

    Pleura: lungs; Pericardium: heart; Peritoneum: digestive organs.

  • What is the structure and function of serous membranes?

    Double-layer membrane with serous fluid between; protects organs and reduces friction.

  • What are the two main layers of the skin and their tissue types?

    Epidermis: keratinized stratified squamous epithelium; Dermis: connective tissue (loose areolar and dense irregular).

  • List the five layers (strata) of the epidermis from deep to superficial.

    Stratum basale, stratum spinosum, stratum granulosum, stratum lucidum (only in thick skin), stratum corneum.

  • What is the keratinocyte life cycle?

    Produced in stratum basale, pushed upward, mature and keratinize, die, and shed at stratum corneum over ~30-50 days.

  • What are the main components and function of hair?

    Composed of hard keratin; hair follicle surrounds root; protects skin; arrector pili muscle causes hair to stand.

  • What are the differences between eccrine sweat glands and sebaceous glands?

    Eccrine: sweat secretion, cooling, abundant on palms/soles/forehead; Sebaceous: oil secretion, lubricates skin/hair, antibacterial.

  • Name the three pigments contributing to skin color.

    Melanin, Carotene, and Hemoglobin.

  • What are the three types of cartilage and their flexibility order?

    Fibrocartilage (least flexible), Hyaline (moderate), Elastic (most flexible).

  • Describe appositional vs interstitial cartilage growth.

    Appositional: new matrix added at cartilage surface by perichondrium; Interstitial: new matrix added within cartilage by chondroblasts.

  • What are the two divisions of the skeleton by location?

    Axial: skull, vertebrae, rib cage; Appendicular: limbs and girdles.

  • Classify bones by shape with examples.

    Long: limb bones; Short: wrist/ankle; Flat: sternum, scapula; Irregular: vertebrae, hip bones.

  • Define diaphysis, epiphysis, medullary cavity, periosteum, and endosteum.

    Diaphysis: shaft; Epiphysis: expanded ends; Medullary cavity: marrow cavity; Periosteum: outer bone membrane; Endosteum: inner bone membrane.

  • What are the functions of red and yellow bone marrow?

    Red marrow: blood cell formation; Yellow marrow: triglyceride (fat) storage.

  • What is the structure of loose areolar connective tissue?

    Gel-like matrix with all three fiber types; cushions organs; found under epithelia.

  • What is the function of the cutaneous membrane?

    Protects body; composed of epidermis and dermis; exposed to air; dry membrane.