BackAnatomy & Physiology: Urinary, Digestive, Respiratory, and Metabolic Systems
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1/42BackSkip to main contentBackPortion of the kidney that delivers urine to the ureter
Renal pelvis Epithelium type composing the urinary bladder
Transitional epithelium Outer layer of the kidney located just deep to the fibrous capsule
Renal cortex Order of blood flow through the kidney vessels
Renal artery, segmental artery, interlobar artery, arcuate artery, interlobular artery, afferent arteriole, glomerulus, efferent arteriole Functional and structural unit of the kidney
Nephron Components of the renal corpuscle
Glomerulus and Bowman's capsule Location of renal pyramids in the kidney
Medulla End point of the nephron
Collecting duct Muscular organ that temporarily stores urine
Urinary bladder Normal pH range of urine
4.6 to 8.0 Single duct that drains urine from the bladder out of the body
Urethra Cause of elevated specific gravity in urine
Dehydration Direction of urine flow from formation to exiting the kidney
Cortex → medulla → renal pelvis → ureter Urine color in a healthy individual
Light yellow to amber Strong transparent covering that encases the kidney
Fibrous capsule Test result indicating diuretic use
Low specific gravity of urine Cells producing hydrochloric acid in the stomach
Parietal cells Hormone that stimulates increased acid secretion in the stomach
Gastrin Enzyme that digests proteins in the stomach
Pepsin Phase of gastric activity when chyme enters the duodenum
Intestinal phase Small intestine segment receiving chyme from the stomach
Duodenum Modification of the small intestine that creates a brush border
Microvilli Valve preventing backflow from large intestine to small intestine
Ileocecal valve Hormone released by the duodenum in response to acids and lipids
Secretin Hormone released by the duodenum in response to lipids and proteins
Cholecystokinin (CCK) Cells composing liver lobules
Hepatocytes Liver secretion responsible for emulsification of lipids
Bile Enzyme catalyzing carbohydrate digestion in the mouth
Salivary amylase Final electron acceptor in the electron transport chain
Oxygen Sum of all biochemical reactions in the body
Metabolism Process that splits glucose into two molecules in the cytosol
Glycolysis Net ATP produced from glycolysis
2 ATP Waste product from amino acid catabolism
Urea Hormone that influences hydrogen ion concentration in kidney filtrate
Aldosterone Primary role of the phosphate buffer system
Buffer intracellular fluid (ICF) Volume remaining in lungs after forced expiration
Residual volume Most abundant extracellular cation
Sodium ion Effect of hypotonic solution on cells
Cells gain water and swell Cause of respiratory acidosis
Hypoventilation Law stating each gas in a mixture exerts its own pressure
Dalton's law Relationship between lung volume and intrapulmonary pressure during inspiration
Lung volume increases and intrapulmonary pressure decreases Type of alveolar cell that produces surfactant
Type II alveolar cells
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