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Axial Skeleton and Bone Markings - Anatomy & Physiology

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Terms in this set (17)

  • What are the three major regions of the axial skeleton?

    The cranial bones, facial bones, and the vertebral column.

  • Which bones make up the sinus cavities?

    The frontal, ethmoid, sphenoid, and maxillary bones form the sinus cavities.

  • What forms the hard palate?

    The palatine bones and the maxillae form the hard palate.

  • What is the function of the lacrimal bone?

    The lacrimal bone contains the lacrimal sac, which helps drain tears from the eye into the nasal cavity.

  • Which bones form the orbits of the eyes?

    The orbits are formed by the frontal, zygomatic, maxillary, sphenoid, ethmoid, lacrimal, and palatine bones.

  • What is a sinus infection?

    A sinus infection is inflammation or infection of the sinus cavities, often causing congestion and pain.

  • What are the regions of the vertebral column?

    The vertebral column has cervical, thoracic, lumbar, sacral, and coccygeal regions.

  • What is special about the functions of each vertebral region?

    Each region supports different body parts and allows specific movements; for example, cervical vertebrae support the head and allow rotation.

  • What are C1 and C2 vertebrae called?

    C1 is the atlas, and C2 is the axis; they enable head nodding and rotation.

  • What is the composition of an intervertebral disc?

    Intervertebral discs consist of a nucleus pulposus (gel-like center) and an outer annulus fibrosus (fibrous ring).

  • What are the bone markings of a generalized vertebra?

    Key markings include the body, vertebral arch, spinous process, transverse processes, and vertebral foramen.

  • What bones form the thoracic cage?

    The thoracic cage is formed by the thoracic vertebrae, ribs, and the sternum.

  • What is the function of the thoracic cage?

    It protects vital organs like the heart and lungs and supports the shoulder girdle and upper limbs.

  • How do true, false, and floating ribs differ?

    True ribs attach directly to the sternum, false ribs attach indirectly, and floating ribs do not attach to the sternum.

  • What are the bone markings of the sternum?

    The sternum has the manubrium, body, and xiphoid process.

  • What articulates with the sternum?

    The true ribs articulate with the sternum at the costal cartilages.

  • What injuries can occur with improper CPR related to the sternum?

    Improper CPR can cause sternal fractures or damage to underlying organs like the heart or lungs.