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Cell Life Cycle and Cell Death in Anatomy & Physiology

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Terms in this set (20)

  • What are the three sub-phases of Interphase?

    G1 phase (cell growth), S phase (DNA replication), and G2 phase (preparation for mitosis).

  • What happens during the G1 phase of Interphase?

    Cell grows and performs normal functions while preparing for DNA synthesis.

  • What is the main event of the S phase in Interphase?

    DNA replication occurs, doubling the genetic material.

  • What occurs during the G2 phase of Interphase?

    Cell continues to grow and prepares for mitosis by producing necessary proteins and organelles.

  • List the phases of Mitosis in order.

    Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, and Telophase.

  • What key event happens during Prophase?

    Chromatin condenses into chromosomes, and the nuclear envelope breaks down.

  • Describe the Metaphase stage of Mitosis.

    Chromosomes align at the cell's equatorial plate (metaphase plate).

  • What occurs during Anaphase?

    Sister chromatids separate and move toward opposite poles of the cell.

  • What happens in Telophase?

    Chromosomes decondense, nuclear envelopes reform, and the cell prepares to divide.

  • What is Cytokinesis?

    The division of the cytoplasm, resulting in two separate daughter cells after mitosis.

  • Define Apoptosis.

    Apoptosis is programmed cell death, a controlled process eliminating damaged or unnecessary cells.

  • Define Necrosis.

    Necrosis is uncontrolled cell death caused by injury or disease, often leading to inflammation.

  • How does Apoptosis differ from Necrosis?

    Apoptosis is orderly and non-inflammatory; necrosis is disorderly and triggers inflammation.

  • Why is the S phase critical in the cell cycle?

    Because DNA replication ensures each daughter cell receives a complete set of chromosomes.

  • What role does the nuclear envelope play during Mitosis?

    It breaks down in prophase to allow chromosome separation and reforms in telophase to enclose new nuclei.

  • What ensures chromosomes align properly during Metaphase?

    The mitotic spindle fibers attach to centromeres and align chromosomes at the metaphase plate.

  • What triggers the start of Mitosis after Interphase?

    Completion of DNA replication and cell growth signals the cell to enter mitosis.

  • What is the significance of sister chromatids in Anaphase?

    They are identical copies separated to ensure each daughter cell gets the same genetic information.

  • What cellular changes mark the end of Telophase?

    Chromosomes decondense and nuclear membranes reform, signaling the end of nuclear division.

  • How does Cytokinesis differ in plant and animal cells?

    Animal cells form a cleavage furrow; plant cells build a cell plate to divide the cytoplasm.