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Cell Structure and Function - Anatomy & Physiology

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Terms in this set (19)

  • What is the basic unit of life in the human body?
    The cell is the basic structural and functional unit of life in the human body.
  • Name the main components of a typical human cell.
    A typical human cell includes the plasma membrane, cytoplasm, and nucleus.
  • What is the function of the plasma membrane?
    The plasma membrane controls the movement of substances in and out of the cell, maintaining homeostasis.
  • What is cytoplasm composed of?
    Cytoplasm is composed of cytosol (fluid) and organelles suspended within it.
  • What is the role of the nucleus in a cell?
    The nucleus contains genetic material (DNA) and controls cell activities.
  • Define organelles in the context of cell structure.
    Organelles are specialized structures within the cytoplasm that perform specific functions.
  • What is the function of mitochondria?
    Mitochondria produce energy for the cell through cellular respiration.
  • What role do ribosomes play in the cell?
    Ribosomes synthesize proteins by translating messenger RNA.
  • Describe the function of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER).
    The ER synthesizes proteins and lipids; rough ER has ribosomes, smooth ER does not.
  • What is the Golgi apparatus responsible for?
    The Golgi apparatus modifies, sorts, and packages proteins and lipids for transport.
  • What is the function of lysosomes?
    Lysosomes contain enzymes that digest and remove waste and damaged cell parts.
  • How do cells maintain homeostasis?
    Cells regulate their internal environment by controlling substance exchange and responding to stimuli.
  • What is the difference between passive and active transport?
    Passive transport requires no energy and moves substances down their concentration gradient; active transport requires energy to move substances against the gradient.
  • Give an example of passive transport.
    Diffusion and osmosis are examples of passive transport.
  • What is osmosis?
    Osmosis is the diffusion of water across a selectively permeable membrane.
  • What is the importance of the cell membrane's selective permeability?
    Selective permeability allows the cell to control its internal environment by regulating what enters and exits.
  • What is the cytoskeleton?
    The cytoskeleton is a network of protein fibers that provide cell shape, support, and movement.
  • How do cells communicate with each other?
    Cells communicate via chemical signals and receptor proteins on their membranes.
  • What is the role of DNA in the nucleus?
    DNA stores genetic information that directs protein synthesis and cell function.