BackCell Structure and Function Overview
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Terms in this set (20)
The cell is the basic structural and functional unit of all living organisms.
The main parts include the cell membrane, cytoplasm, and nucleus.
The cell membrane controls the movement of substances in and out of the cell and provides protection.
Cytoplasm is the gel-like substance inside the cell where organelles are suspended and cellular processes occur.
The nucleus contains genetic material (DNA) and controls cell activities.
Organelles are specialized structures within the cytoplasm that perform specific functions.
Mitochondria produce energy; ribosomes synthesize proteins.
Mitochondria generate ATP through cellular respiration, providing energy for the cell.
Ribosomes assemble amino acids to form proteins based on genetic instructions.
The ER is a network of membranes involved in protein and lipid synthesis; it can be rough (with ribosomes) or smooth (without ribosomes).
The Golgi apparatus modifies, sorts, and packages proteins and lipids for transport.
Lysosomes contain enzymes that digest waste materials and cellular debris.
The cytoskeleton provides structural support, maintains cell shape, and aids in cell movement.
Cells communicate via chemical signals and receptor proteins on their membranes.
Selective permeability allows the cell membrane to regulate which substances enter or leave the cell.
Passive transport requires no energy and moves substances down their concentration gradient; active transport requires energy to move substances against the gradient.
Diffusion is a passive transport where molecules move from high to low concentration.
Osmosis is the passive movement of water across a selectively permeable membrane.
ATP provides energy for cellular processes including active transport and biochemical reactions.
The nucleolus produces ribosomal RNA and assembles ribosome subunits.