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Cells and Tissues - Anatomy & Physiology

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Terms in this set (20)

  • What is the basic structural and functional unit of living organisms?
    A cell is the basic structural and functional unit of living organisms.
  • What principle explains that the biochemical activities of cells are dictated by their structure?
    The principle of complementarity states that cell structure (anatomy) determines function (physiology).
  • What are the four main elements most cells are composed of?
    Cells are mostly composed of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen.
  • What percentage of a cell is water?
    Cells are about 60% water.
  • How many different cell types are found in the human body?
    The human body contains over 200 different cell types.
  • What are the three main regions of a generalized cell?
    A generalized cell has three main parts: nucleus, cytoplasm, and plasma membrane.
  • What is the function of the nucleus in a cell?
    The nucleus is the control center of the cell, containing DNA needed for protein synthesis and cell reproduction.
  • What are the three regions of the nucleus?
    The nucleus has three regions: nuclear envelope, nucleolus, and chromatin.
  • Describe the plasma membrane structure.
    The plasma membrane is a fluid mosaic of two phospholipid layers with cholesterol, proteins, and glycolipids.
  • What is the cytoplasm and what does it include?
    The cytoplasm is the cellular material outside the nucleus and inside the plasma membrane, including cytosol, inclusions, and organelles.
  • What are inclusions in the cytoplasm?
    Inclusions are chemical substances like stored nutrients or cell products floating in the cytosol.
  • What are organelles and their significance?
    Organelles are the metabolic machinery of the cell, many membrane-bound, performing specific functions.
  • What is the function of fibroblast cells?
    Fibroblasts connect body parts by secreting cable-like fibers.
  • What is the primary function of erythrocytes?
    Erythrocytes (red blood cells) carry oxygen in the bloodstream.
  • How do epithelial cells function in the body?
    Epithelial cells cover and line body organs, packing together in sheets with intermediate fibers resisting tearing.
  • What allows skeletal and smooth muscle cells to move organs and body parts?
    Contractile filaments in muscle cells allow them to shorten forcefully for movement.
  • What is the role of fat cells?
    Fat cells store nutrients as lipid droplets in the cytoplasm.
  • How do macrophages fight disease?
    Macrophages are phagocytic white blood cells that digest infectious microorganisms.
  • What is the function of nerve cells (neurons)?
    Nerve cells receive and transmit messages to control body functions.
  • Describe the two types of reproductive cells and their functions.
    Oocytes are the largest cells that divide to form embryos; sperm cells are motile with flagella to swim to the egg.