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CH 4: (part 1) Epithelial Tissue + Intercellular Connections

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Terms in this set (54)

  • Epithelial Tissue contain both Epithelia and...

    Glands!

  • Epithelia are layers of cells that cover...

    external or line internal surfaces.

  • What tissue if found in all areas that are exposed to substances from EXTERNAL environment?

    Epithelial tissue.

  • the functions of epithelial tissues are...

    • physical protection

    • controlling permeability

    • sensation

    • specialized secretions through GLANDS

  • glands in epithelial tissues that discharge secretions into epithelial surfaces are called...

    EXOCRINE glands.

  • glands in epithelial tissues that discharge secretions into surrounding fluid are called...

    ENDOCRINE glands.

  • the EXPOSED surface of epithelial tissues is called...

    APICAL.

  • The attached surface of epithelial tissues is called...

    BASAL.

  • The BASAL of epithelial tissues is attached to...

    noncellular basement membrane (made of alot of protein fibers).

  • Cellularity is when cells are...

    tightly bound together via cell junctions.

  • epithelial cells contain cellularity TRUE or FALSE:

    TRUE

  • Avascularity is when a tissue has no...

    BLOOD VESSELS, therefore, no direct blood supply.

  • Epithelia contain avascularity so they obtain nutrients through...

    diffusion or absorption across apical or basal surfaces.

  • TRUE or FALSE:

    epithelial tissues go through reincarnation and are constantly being replaced...

    TRUE

  • epithelial cells that line internal passageways contain small finger-shaped projections form the plasma membrane that are called...

    MICROVILLI

  • MICROVILLI are abundant in...

    APICAL surfaces where absorption + secretion take place.

  • CILLIA on epithelium cells are long slender extensions made of...

    MICROTUBULES

  • MOTILE CILLIA are cilia capable of...

    MOTION that moves fluids/secretion (ex: mucus)

  • TRUE or FALSE:

    cells in epithelial tissue are isolated...

    FALSE

    cells in epithelial tissue are attached to each other.

  • every cell in epithelial tissue is attached to...

    basement membrane (noncellular substance)

  • transmembrane proteins that attach plasma membranes and plasma membranes to extracellular materials are called....

    Cell Adhesion Molecules (CAMs)

  • ______ proteins span the whole membrane of a cell

    transmembrane proteins

  • proteoglycans in cell adhesion molecules are made of what chains

    amino acid (proteins) chains + carbohydrate chains

  • proteoglycans also known as "intercellular cement" is a substance that prevents...

    dehydration.

  • The 3 kinds of cell junctions are...

    • Gap Junctions

    • Tight Junctions

    • Desmosomes

  • Gap Junctions hold cells together via...

    Connexons

  • Connexons are...

    proteins that interlock cell membranes together and allow small molecules + ions to move between cells.

  • Gap Junctions with connexons are mostly found in ________ tissue and _______ Muscle tissue.

    • epithelial

    • cardiac muscle

  • LIPID portions of two plasma membranes that are tightly bound together via interlocking is called...

    Tight Junctions

  • ______ cellular junctions are found where water/solutes are problematic when entering the cell.

    Tight

  • Inferior to tight junctions is...

    adhesion belt

  • the adhesion belt...

    ("water-tight seal")

    encircles cells and binds them to adjacent cells -> preventing water/solutes from passing in between cells.

    (Ex: in small intestine keeping waste IN)

  • ______ is the space inside of a tubular structure

    lumen

  • Desmosomes...

    CAMs + proteoglycans link plasma membranes

    transmembrane proteins "Intercellular cement" amino acid chain + carbohydrate chains

  • Epithelia are classified upon _________ and __________

    Cell shape and Cell Layers.

  • Shapes include...

    • squamous (thin/flat)

    • cuboidal (squares)

    • columnar (tall/slim)

  • If a tissue has one layer of cells, thin and fragile it is called...

    simple.

  • If a tissue has more than one layer of cells it is called...

    stratified.

  • Simple Squamous Epithelia are found where...

    • absorption or secretion occurs

    • there is need for a slick/slippery surface

    • ex: lungs -> must be frictionless

  • a type of simple squamous epithelia that lines pleural, pericardial, and peritoneal cavities is called...

    mesothelium.

  • a type of simple squamous epithelium that lines inner surface of the HEART and BLOOD VESSELS

    endothelium

  • Stratified squamous epithelium is found in locations where...

    mechanical stresses are severe.

    • ex: surface of the skin, lining of the mouth

  • a type of stratified squamous epithelium that contains superficial layers of epithelial cells packed with keratin and are WATER RESISTANT is called...

    Keratinized stratified squamous epithelium

    • ex: epidermis (surface) of the skin

  • A type of stratified squamous epithelium that resists abrasion and is CONSTANTLY kept MOIST is called...

    nonkeratinized stratified squamous epithelium

  • Cuboidal epithelial cells provide_______ and allow secretions and absorption to occur.

    They are mainly found in....

    limited protection.

    • ex: kidney tubules and glands

  • Stratified cuboidal epithelium contain _____ which are "tunnels" that allow secretion of

    (more than one layer) (square shape)

    substances.

    Ducts.

  • TRUE or FALSE:

    stratified squamous epithelium is considered rare.

    TRUE

  • Cells that appear cuboidal unstretched, and squamous when stretched are called...

    Transitional epithelium

  • transitional epithelium is __________ and tolerates repeated cycles of stretching.

    Stratified. (2 layers = thick)

    • ex: lining of urinary bladder (changes in size)

  • Simple Columnar epithelial cells allow... and are mainly found in the ______ trac.

    absorption or secretion

    • ex: stomach. large, and small intestine (digestive)

  • columnar epithelia that LOOK stratified (has 2 layers) but is only made of ONE layer is called...

    pseudostratified columnar epithelium.

  • epithelial cells specialized for secretion are called...

    Glandular Epithelium.

  • These glands make hormones that are released into the bloodstream...

    ENDORCINE GLANDS.

  • these glands release secretions that EXit directly on epithelium surfaces through DUCTS...

    EXOCRINE GLANDS