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CH4 Epithelial Tissue - slideshow 5

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Terms in this set (20)

  • What is histology?

    Histology is the study of the microscopic structure of tissues and organs.

  • What are the four primary tissue types?

    Epithelial, connective, muscle, and nervous tissues.

  • What are the main characteristics of epithelial tissue?

    Tightly packed sheets of cells with no visible extracellular matrix, covering and lining body surfaces and cavities, and forming glands.

  • What are the two basic components shared by all tissues?

    A discrete population of related cells and an extracellular matrix (ECM) surrounding them.

  • What is the extracellular matrix (ECM) composed of?

    Ground substance (gel-like material) and protein fibers (collagen, reticular, elastic).

  • Name three types of cell junctions in epithelial tissue.

    Tight junctions (watertight seal), desmosomes (spot welds), and gap junctions (channels for communication).

  • What are the main functions of epithelial tissue?

    Protection, immune defense, secretion, selective transport, and sensation.

  • How is epithelial tissue classified by cell layers?

    Simple epithelium (single layer) and stratified epithelium (multiple layers).

  • How is epithelial tissue classified by cell shape?

    Squamous (flat), cuboidal (cube-shaped), and columnar (tall and rectangular).

  • What is the function and location of simple squamous epithelium?

    Thin layer for rapid diffusion; found in lung air sacs, kidney tubules, and blood vessel linings.

  • Where is simple cuboidal epithelium found and what is its function?

    In kidney tubules, respiratory passages, and gland ducts; allows rapid diffusion and secretion.

  • Describe simple columnar epithelium and its special features.

    Single layer of tall cells with nuclei near the base; often has microvilli or cilia; found in intestines and respiratory tract.

  • What is pseudostratified columnar epithelium?

    Appears layered due to nuclei at different heights but is a single layer; often ciliated; found in respiratory tract.

  • What distinguishes keratinized stratified squamous epithelium?

    Apical layers are dead, filled with keratin, making tissue tough; found in outer skin layers.

  • Where is nonkeratinized stratified squamous epithelium found?

    In moist areas subject to mechanical stress like mouth, throat, esophagus, anus, and vagina.

  • What is the function of transitional epithelium and where is it located?

    Allows stretching; found in urinary bladder, ureters, and urethra.

  • What is carcinoma?

    A cancer originating from epithelial tissue.

  • How do carcinomas spread beyond the epithelium?

    Cancer cells produce enzymes that degrade the basement membrane, facilitating invasion into other tissues.

  • What role does the basement membrane play in epithelial tissue?

    It anchors epithelial cells to underlying connective tissue and acts as a barrier to cancer spread.

  • What are the main protein fibers found in the extracellular matrix?

    Collagen fibers, reticular fibers, and elastic fibers.