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Digestive System - Medical Terminology (unit2)chapter 11

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Terms in this set (29)

  • Function of the digestive system
    Responsible for ingesting and digesting food, absorbing nutrients, and eliminating waste products.
  • Flow of food through the GI tract
    Mouth → Esophagus → Stomach → Small intestine → Large intestine → Rectum → Anus.
  • Role of the stomach in digestion
    Muscular sac that produces hydrochloric acid and enzymes to assist with food digestion.
  • Function of the small intestine
    Primary site for absorption of nutrients from digested food.
  • Function of the large intestine
    Reabsorbs water and fluids, compacts waste into feces.
  • Accessory organs of the digestive system
    Liver, gallbladder, and pancreas; assist digestion but are not part of the digestive tract.
  • Function of the liver
    Metabolizes carbohydrates, proteins, and fats; produces bile for digestion.
  • Function of the gallbladder
    Stores, concentrates, and releases bile.
  • Function of the pancreas
    Produces enzymes that break down carbohydrates, proteins, and fats.
  • Meaning of suffix -itis
    Indicates inflammation.
  • Meaning of suffix -ectomy
    Surgical removal or excision.
  • Meaning of prefix a-
    Without or absence of.
  • Ascites
    Accumulation of fluid in the abdominal cavity.
  • Cirrhosis
    Liver condition with fat infiltration and fibrous scarring causing permanent damage.
  • Cholecystitis
    Inflammation of the gallbladder.
  • Cholecystolithiasis
    Presence of stones in the gallbladder.
  • Diverticulosis
    Formation of small pouches pushing outward through weak spots in the colon wall.
  • Diverticulitis
    Inflammation and complications of diverticula in the colon.
  • Esophageal atresia
    Congenital condition where the esophagus ends in a pouch and does not connect to the stomach.
  • Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)
    Stomach contents leak backward into the esophagus causing irritation.
  • Hepatitis
    Inflammation of the liver caused by viral infections or toxins.
  • Ulcerative colitis
    Chronic inflammatory bowel disease affecting the colon and rectum with ulcers and inflammation.
  • Barium enema
    X-ray examination of the large intestine using barium as contrast.
  • Upper gastrointestinal series
    X-ray examination of the esophagus and stomach using barium contrast.
  • Laparoscopy
    Minimally invasive procedure to view inside the abdomen using a laparoscope.
  • Bariatric surgery
    Surgical procedures to treat extreme obesity, such as gastric bypass.
  • Cholecystectomy
    Surgical removal of the gallbladder.
  • Colostomy
    Surgical creation of a new opening in the colon.
  • Pharmacological treatment for GERD
    Use of antacids to reduce stomach acid and relieve symptoms.