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Endocrine, Blood, and Lymphatic Systems - Anatomy & Physiology

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Terms in this set (20)

  • What is the primary role of the endocrine system?
    To produce hormones that regulate growth, development, reproduction, and maintain homeostasis by controlling cellular activity throughout the body.
  • What are hormones?
    Chemical messengers secreted by endocrine glands that facilitate long-term cellular changes in target tissues.
  • How do the nervous and endocrine systems work together?
    They coordinate to maintain homeostasis by monitoring and regulating cell activity through electrical signals and hormones.
  • What stimulates endocrine glands to produce hormones?
    Various signals including neural stimuli, hormonal stimuli, and changes in blood chemistry.
  • What stops endocrine glands from producing hormones?
    Negative feedback mechanisms that reduce hormone secretion when target levels are reached.
  • What are the main components of blood?
    Formed elements (erythrocytes, leukocytes, platelets) and plasma.
  • What is the function of erythrocytes?
    To carry oxygen from the lungs to body tissues and transport carbon dioxide back to the lungs.
  • What are leukocytes and their general role?
    White blood cells involved in defending the body against infection and foreign substances.
  • What are platelets and their function?
    Also called thrombocytes, they are cell fragments that help in blood clotting to prevent bleeding.
  • What physical characteristics of blood are important?
    Viscosity, color, pH, and temperature.
  • What are the four ABO blood groups?
    Blood types A, B, AB, and O, classified based on the presence or absence of antigens on erythrocytes.
  • What is agglutination in blood transfusion?
    The clumping of red blood cells caused by an immune reaction to incompatible blood types.
  • What causes hemolysis during a transfusion reaction?
    Destruction of red blood cells due to immune attack on incompatible blood antigens.
  • What are the two main parts of the lymphatic system?
    Lymphatic vessels and lymphoid tissues/organs.
  • What is the function of the lymphatic system?
    To return excess tissue fluid to the bloodstream and provide immune defense.
  • What are nonspecific immune defenses?
    General defenses like fever and inflammation that prevent pathogen entry and spread.
  • What distinguishes specific immune responses?
    Targeted immune reactions involving lymphocytes that recognize and remember specific pathogens.
  • How does the blood contribute to homeostasis?
    By transporting oxygen, nutrients, hormones, and immune agents to tissues and removing wastes.
  • What is plasma composed of?
    Water, dissolved proteins, nutrients, hormones, gases, and waste products.
  • What role do hormones play in sexual maturation?
    They regulate development of reproductive organs and secondary sexual characteristics.