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Endocrine Hormones and Their Functions

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Terms in this set (30)

  • ADH (Anti-Diuretic Hormone) function

    Causes kidney tubules to reabsorb water and constricts blood vessel smooth muscles, raising blood pressure.

  • ADH secretion trigger

    High osmotic pressure, high Na+, and protein levels in plasma.

  • Oxytocin main effects

    Causes uterine contractions, breast milk ejection, and contractions of uterine and vas deferens during sex.

  • ACTH (Adrenocorticotropic Hormone) function

    Stimulates cortisol release to maintain blood sugar and volume during stress.

  • TSH (Thyroid Stimulating Hormone) role

    Stimulates thyroid growth and release of T3 and T4 hormones.

  • FSH (Follicle Stimulating Hormone) function

    Stimulates gamete maturation in ovaries and testes.

  • LH (Luteinizing Hormone) function

    Stimulates ovulation, testosterone production, and release of estrogen and progesterone.

  • Growth Hormone (GH) effects

    Increases bone length and muscle mass, promotes protein synthesis, and conserves glucose by stimulating glycogen breakdown.

  • Prolactin (PRL) function

    Stimulates milk production in lactating breasts and testosterone production in males.

  • Thyroxine (T4) functions

    Regulates metabolism, increases basal metabolic rate, body heat, blood pressure, tissue growth, and fat burning.

  • Calcitonin role

    Decreases blood calcium levels by stimulating calcium uptake into bones.

  • Parathyroid Hormone (PTH) function

    Increases blood calcium by stimulating bone resorption, kidney reabsorption, and activating vitamin D for intestinal absorption.

  • Aldosterone function

    Regulates electrolyte balance by promoting Na+ absorption and K+ excretion, increasing blood volume and pressure.

  • Cortisol functions

    Raises blood sugar and pressure, mobilizes fats and proteins for glucose production, and suppresses inflammation and immune response.

  • Gonadocorticoids role

    Contribute to puberty hair growth, sex drive in women, and postmenopausal estrogen production.

  • Epinephrine and Norepinephrine effects

    Increase heart rate, blood pressure, blood glucose, bronchiolar dilation, alertness, and metabolism.

  • Glucagon function

    Raises blood glucose by promoting glycogen breakdown and gluconeogenesis in the liver.

  • Insulin function

    Lowers blood glucose by promoting uptake into muscle and fat cells and inhibiting glycogen breakdown and gluconeogenesis.

  • Melatonin role

    Regulates diurnal rhythm and biological clock based on light input from the retina.

  • Thymosin and thymopoietin function

    Stimulate development of T lymphocytes in the thymus for immune function.

  • Gonadal hormones functions

    Regulate menstrual cycle, pregnancy, secondary sex characteristics, sperm production, and sex drive.

  • Placental hormones role

    Maintain uterine lining, prevent ovulation, and promote mammary gland development during pregnancy.

  • Hypersecretion of ADH causes

    SIADH: water retention, diluted blood, confusion, low sodium.

  • Hyposecretion of ADH causes

    Diabetes Insipidus: dehydration, low blood pressure, excessive diluted urine.

  • Hypersecretion of GH in adults

    Acromegaly: enlarged hands and jaw after epiphyseal plate closure.

  • Hyposecretion of GH in children

    Dwarfism or progeria (premature aging).

  • Hyperthyroidism disease

    Graves Disease: increased metabolism, weight loss, bulging eyes, gland enlargement.

  • Hypothyroidism disease

    Myxedema in adults: low metabolism, cold intolerance, lethargy; cretinism in children.

  • Hyperparathyroidism effects

    Bone fractures, softening, kidney stones, muscle weakness due to high blood calcium.

  • Hypoparathyroidism effects

    Muscle spasms (tetany), tremors, and possible death due to low blood calcium.