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Endocrine System - Anatomy & Physiology

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Terms in this set (12)

  • How does endocrine signaling maintain homeostasis?
    Endocrine signaling maintains homeostasis using feedback mechanisms that regulate hormone levels and target cell responses.
  • What are features common to all endocrine organs/tissues?
    Common features include hormone secretion into the bloodstream, lack of ducts, and regulation of distant target cells.
  • Compare endocrine signaling with nervous system signaling.
    Endocrine signaling is slower, uses hormones in blood, and has longer-lasting effects; nervous system signaling is fast, uses electrical impulses, and has short-term effects.
  • What is the interaction between the endocrine system and the sympathetic autonomic nervous system (SANS)?
    They overlap in stress responses; SANS triggers rapid responses while endocrine hormones sustain longer-term effects.
  • What determines hormone specificity on target cells?
    Specificity is determined by the presence of specific receptors on target cells that bind particular hormones.
  • What should be known about hormone-secreting organs discussed in class?
    Know the hormones they secrete, cell types involved, target tissues, and hormone actions.
  • What is the role of the hypothalamus in endocrine control?
    The hypothalamus controls the pituitary gland and downstream endocrine organs, regulating hormone secretion.
  • What are the three types of stimuli regulating hormone secretion by endocrine cells?
    Humoral stimuli, neural stimuli, and hormonal stimuli.
  • How is the response regulated by target cells?
    Target cells regulate response by receptor availability, hormone degradation, and feedback mechanisms.
  • What is an example of antagonism between hormones?
    Insulin lowers blood glucose, while glucagon raises it, showing antagonistic effects.
  • What is an example of synergism between hormones?
    Glucagon and epinephrine both increase blood glucose, working together for a stronger effect.
  • What clinical syndrome is especially important in endocrine physiology?
    Diabetes Mellitus, as an example of endocrine dysfunction affecting glucose regulation.