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Endocrine System Anatomy & Physiology - Lab exam 1

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Terms in this set (21)

  • What is the primary function of the endocrine system?
    The endocrine system regulates the body by synthesizing and secreting hormones that act as chemical messengers to control other body cells.
  • How do endocrine glands release hormones?
    Endocrine glands release hormones directly into the bloodstream, allowing hormones to travel to target cells throughout the body.
  • Name four general functions controlled by endocrine hormones.
    Mood, growth and development, metabolism, and reproduction.
  • Where is the hypothalamus located and what hormone does it release?
    Located in the brain below the thalamus, it releases ADH which promotes water retention.
  • What hormone does the anterior pituitary gland secrete and what is its function?
    It secretes Growth Hormone (GH), which stimulates body growth.
  • What hormone is secreted by the posterior pituitary gland and what does it stimulate?
    Oxytocin, which stimulates uterine contractions.
  • What hormone does the pineal gland produce and what is its role?
    Melatonin, which regulates sleep–wake cycles.
  • What hormone does the thyroid gland produce and what is its effect?
    Thyroxine (T₄), which increases metabolic activity.
  • What hormone is secreted by the parathyroid glands and what does it regulate?
    Parathyroid hormone (PTH), which increases blood calcium (Ca²⁺) levels.
  • What hormone does the adrenal cortex produce and what is its function?
    Cortisol, which helps regulate stress response and metabolism.
  • What hormone is secreted by the adrenal medulla and what response does it trigger?
    Epinephrine, which produces the 'fight-or-flight' response.
  • What hormone does the pancreas secrete and what is its role?
    Insulin, which decreases blood glucose levels.
  • Which hormone supports female reproductive development and where is it produced?
    Estrogen, produced by the ovaries.
  • Which hormone supports male reproductive development and where is it produced?
    Testosterone, produced by the testes.
  • What hormone does the heart produce and what is its function?
    Atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP), which promotes sodium and water excretion.
  • What hormone do the kidneys produce and what is its role?
    Erythropoietin (EPO), which stimulates red blood cell production.
  • What hormone does the stomach secrete and what does it stimulate?
    Gastrin, which stimulates gastric acid secretion.
  • What hormone does the small intestine secrete and what is its function?
    Secretin, which stimulates pancreatic bicarbonate secretion.
  • What hormone does the liver produce in response to growth hormone and what does it promote?
    Insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1), which promotes growth.
  • What hormone does adipose tissue produce and what is its role?
    Leptin, which helps regulate appetite and energy balance.
  • What hormone does the placenta produce during pregnancy and what is its function?
    Human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG), which maintains the corpus luteum early in pregnancy.